The courtship of Drosophila melanogaster
The courtship of Drosophila melanogaster
复制标题
DOI：
10.1163/156853955x00184
复制
发表时间：
1955-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
MANNING, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BASTOCK, M.;MANNING, A.
人们试图确定黑腹果蝇求偶的组织结构。三个元素：取向(O)、振动(V)和舔(L)，它们不是相互取代而是相互叠加的。L的任期总是短暂的。这些元素在时间上的模式被记录下来，并且可以在每个元素的回合的长度之间建立重要的关系。这表明，每一种刺激都可能出现在不同的阈值上，波动的性兴奋(O)出现在最低的阈值，L出现在最高的阈值。一种基于这一假设的性兴奋衡量标准(V-L的前后长度)，这两个“最高”元素可以与一项独立的性兴奋衡量标准显著相关(在很长一段时间内，追求反应迟钝的雌性所花费的总时间)。进一步分析表明，抑制性因素和兴奋性因素都会影响求爱。受精的雌性和雄性会产生特殊的抑制刺激，阻止雄性向它们求爱。不情愿的处女产生的刺激不那么剧烈，它不会立即停止求爱，但会影响它的模式。通过比较雄性黑腹潜蝇和雌性黑腹潜蝇的求偶行为，结果表明，在抑制程度较高的地方(雌性拟人猿)，雄性的性兴奋从一个阈值上升到另一个阈值的时间被推迟了。讨论了兴奋因子和抑制因子在求爱过程中相互作用这一观点的含义。有人认为，它们之间的冲突可能会导致流离失所活动，而求爱本身就是从这些活动中产生的。文中还讨论了抑制性刺激在其他动物中的出现以及这些运动在果蝇中的可能进化。||摘要作者：M·巴斯托克
An attempt is made to determine the organization underlying the courtship of Drosophila melanogaster. Three elements: orientation (O), vibration (V) and licking (L) , are recognized, which do not replace but are superimposed upon one another. L is always of brief duration. The patterning of these elements in time is recorded and significant relationships can be established between the length of bouts of each. This suggests that each might occur at different thresholds of fluctuating sexual excitation (O) appearing at the lowest, L at the highest threshold. A measure of sexual excitation based on this assumption (bout length of V- L, the 2 "highest" elements can be significantly correlated with an independent measure of sexual excitation (total time spent courting an unresponsive female, over a long period). Further analysis shows that inhibitory as well as excitatory factors influence courtship. Fertilized females and males give special inhibitory stimuli which stop males courting them. Unwilling virgins give less drastic stimuli, which do not stop courtship at once, but which affect its patterning. A comparison of the courtship given by D. melanogaster males to their own and to D. simulans females respectively, suggests that where there is more inhibition (with simulans females), the rise of sexual excitation in the male from one threshold to another, is delayed. The implications of the idea of interaction between excitatory and inhibitory factors in courtship are discussed. It is suggested that conflict between them may give rise to displacement activities from which the courtship itself is derived. The occurrence of inhibitory stimuli in other animals and the possible evolution of these movements in Drosophila is discussed. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: M. Bastock