Heterogeneous growth of plant tissues
Heterogeneous growth of plant tissues
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植物组织的异质生长
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1993.tb00325.x
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Korn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Korn
不均匀生长被定义为相邻组织区域中不同的生长速率或模式，与区域表达均匀生长速率或模式的均匀生长相反。在各种植物组织中检查了异质生长，并描述了每种组织的扩张模式。在表皮细胞增殖的情况下，细胞板和旧壁的不同生长速率导致协调生长的特征，其中前者的缓慢生长由后者的较快速率补偿。例如，脉上的叶表皮细胞与小巢区上的叶表皮细胞生长不同，气孔的成对保卫细胞在其他表皮细胞之前停止扩张。在鞘毛纲中，只有边缘壁生长，并且在殖民地周围以不同的速率生长，以产生一种分形的、随机类型的协调生长。在蕨类植物配子体中，存在着不同生长速率的复杂梯度。顶端的表皮细胞通常是混合生长的，因为顶端的细胞经历二维扩张，而沿着侧翼的细胞表现为一维扩张。协调生长需要匹配的速率，其中较慢生长区域的约束效应通过与整个组织的平均速率相比在环化区域中更快的速率来补偿。混合和差异生长模式不一定会产生限制，因此导致平滑的组织扩张。一些约束的出现导致对称性的破坏和破坏性生长，如在器官和表皮衍生物中发现的新轴的出现。在平面发展中，非均匀增长似乎是规律，而均匀增长则是例外。
Heterogeneous growth is defined as different rates or patterns of growth in adjacent tissue regions, in contrast to homogeneous growth where a region expresses a uniform rate or pattern of growth. Heterogeneous growth is inspected in a variety of plant tissues and the pattern of expansion is characterized for each. In the case of epidermal cell proliferation, different growth rates for cell plates and old walls lead to the feature of coordinated growth in which slow growth of the former is compensated for by a faster rate of the latter. Examples include leaf epidermal cells above veins growing differently from those above areole regions, and pairs of guard cells of stomata ceasing to expand before other epidermal cells. In the alga Coleochaete only marginal walls grow, and at different rates around the colony, to generate a fractal, stochastic type of coordinated growth. In the fern gametophyte there are complex gradients of differential growth rates. Epidermal cells of apices are often of mixed growth, as cells at the summit undergo two dimensional expansion while cells along the flanks express one dimensional expansion. Coordinated growth requires matched rates where the constraining effect of the slower growing region is compensated for by a faster rate in an enacircling region compared to the average rate of the overall tissue. Mixed and differential growth patterns do not necessarily create constraints and so lead to smooth tissue expansion. Emergence of some constraints leads to breaking of symmetry and disruptive growth as in the appearance of new axes found in organs and epidermal derivatives. In planar development heterogeneous growth appears to be the rule, and homogeneous growth the exception.