The interplay of past diversification and evolutionary isolation with present imperilment across the amphibian tree of life
The interplay of past diversification and evolutionary isolation with present imperilment across the amphibian tree of life
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-018-0515-5
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Pyron, R. Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jetz, Walter;Pyron, R. Alexander
人类活动继续侵蚀生命之树，要求我们优先考虑研究和保护。两栖动物是全球变化的主要受害者和领头羊，采取行动保护它们的必要性远远超过了知识。我们提供了一份包含几乎所有现存两栖动物(7238种)的系统发育图。目前的两栖动物多样性既包括古老的、贫瘠的谱系，也包括在选定的支系中发现的广泛的、较新的热带辐射。在白垩纪-古近纪界线之后，蛙类和火蜥蜴的多样性显著增加，在此之前，火蜥蜴可能发生了大规模灭绝事件。地下鞭毛虫的多样化比率随着时间的推移变化不大。在生物地理上，非洲和新热带地区拥有特别高比例的冈德瓦南遗迹，包括具有高度进化独特性(ED)的物种。这些高ED物种代表了目前树上很大一部分分支：大约28%的系统发育多样性来自ED前10%的物种。ED与濒危之间的联系很弱，但许多具有高ED的物种现在处于濒危或缺乏正式的威胁状态，这表明在解决当前的灭绝危机时，有机会将进化地位和系统发育传统结合起来。通过提供现存两栖动物的系统发育评估并确定它们的威胁和ED，我们为保护两栖动物生命树的全球量化方法提供了初步的基础。
Human activities continue to erode the tree of life, requiring us to prioritize research and conservation. Amphibians represent key victims and bellwethers of global change, and the need for action to conserve them is drastically outpacing knowledge. We provide a phylogeny incorporating nearly all extant amphibians (7,238 species). Current amphibian diversity is composed of both older, depauperate lineages and extensive, more recent tropical radiations found in select clades. Frog and salamander diversification increased strongly after the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary, preceded by a potential mass-extinction event in salamanders. Diversification rates of subterranean caecilians varied little over time. Biogeographically, the Afro- and Neotropics harbour a particularly high proportion of Gondwanan relicts, comprising species with high evolutionary distinctiveness (ED). These high-ED species represent a large portion of the branches in the present tree: around 28% of all phylogenetic diversity comes from species in the top 10% of ED. The association between ED and imperilment is weak, but many species with high ED are now imperilled or lack formal threat status, suggesting opportunities for integrating evolutionary position and phylogenetic heritage in addressing the current extinction crisis. By providing a phylogenetic estimate for extant amphibians and identifying their threats and ED, we offer a preliminary basis for a quantitatively informed global approach to conserving the amphibian tree of life.