Giving Versus Giving In
Giving Versus Giving In
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DOI：
10.1080/19416520.2014.911576
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
21.2
通讯作者：
Newman, George E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cain, Daylian M.;Dana, Jason;Newman, George E.
利他主义是组织和社会生活的核心，但其动机尚不清楚。我们提出了一种新的理论区分，将这些动机分为两种基本类型：“给予”表示一个人自愿参与的亲社会行为，而“屈服”表示一个人不情愿地参与的亲社会行为，通常是为了回应社会压力或义务。与那些给予者不同，那些屈服者更愿意避免完全迫使利他主义的情况，即使这样做会让潜在受益者空手而归。我们回顾了行为经济学、心理学和组织行为中关于利他主义的现有文献，并认为给予和屈服之间的区别不仅从理论角度来看是核心，而且对于试图研究亲社会行为的研究人员和试图鼓励亲社会行为的实践者也具有重要的方法论意义。
Altruism is central to organizational and social life, but its motivations are not well understood. We propose a new theoretical distinction that sorts these motivations into two basic types: "giving" indicates prosocial behaviors in which one willingly engages, while "giving in" indicates prosocial behavior in which one reluctantly engages, often in response to social pressure or obligation. Unlike those who give, those who give in prefer to avoid the situation that compels altruism altogether, even if doing so leaves the would-be beneficiary empty-handed. We review the existing literature on altruism in behavioral economics, psychology, and organizational behavior and suggest that the distinction between giving and giving in is not only central from a theoretical standpoint, but also has important methodological implications for researchers trying to study prosocial behavior and practitioners trying to encourage it.