Faba bean (Vicia faba) inclusion in dairy cow diets: Effect on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, methane production, and milk performance
Faba bean (Vicia faba) inclusion in dairy cow diets: Effect on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, methane production, and milk performance
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.2018-14890
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Benchaar, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cherif, C.;Hassanat, F.;Benchaar, C.
本试验旨在研究在奶牛日粮中，用磨碎或碾碎的蚕豆（FB; Vicia faba major var. baiessaint - paul）替代等氮等能基础豆粕（SBM）和玉米（占日粮干物质的17%）对营养物质消化、瘤胃发酵、氮利用、甲烷产量和产奶性能的影响。试验选用9头泌乳奶牛，采用3 × 3拉丁方重复设计（35 d），饲喂全混合日粮（干物质基础上料精比= 59:41）。在精料部分，分别用磨碎或碾磨FB完全和部分替代豆粕和玉米粒（对照饲粮）。粗蛋白质的瘤胃降解率（在蔗渣中）为79.4%，高于SBM（53.3%）和轧制FB（53.2%）。饲粮中添加FB对干物质采食量、产奶量和乳成分均无影响。试验处理对总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸丙酸比和原生动物数量没有影响。与饲喂对照饲粮相比，饲喂地面FB和滚动FB的奶牛瘤胃NH3浓度分别升高且有升高趋势；然而，我们发现两种处理过的FB之间的瘤胃NH3浓度没有差异。饲粮中粗蛋白质的表观全道消化率与饲粮中滚FB相似，饲粮中粗FB有提高的趋势。与饲喂磨碎FB相比，饲喂轧制FB降低CP消化率。饲粮中添加FB不影响尿氮和粪便（粪+尿）氮排泄量（g/d或占氮摄入量的比例）。各试验日粮的肠道CH4产量相似。本研究结果表明，在饲粮中添加干物质中17%的FB而牺牲SBM和玉米颗粒对奶牛产奶量、氮排泄和肠道CH4产量没有影响。
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic basis soybean meal (SBM) and corn grain with ground or rolled faba bean (FB; Vicia faba major var. BaieSaint-Paul) in dairy cow diets (17% of diet dry matter) on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, N utilization, methane production, and milk performance. For this purpose, 9 lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design (35-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (forage:concentrate ratio = 59:41 on a dry matter basis). In the concentrate portion, SBM and corn grain (control diet) were completely and partially replaced, respectively, with either ground or rolled FB. Ruminal degradability (in sacco) of crude protein was higher for ground FB (79.4%) compared with SBM (53.3%) and rolled FB (53.2%). Including FB in the diet did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition. Experimental treatment had no effect on total volatile fatty acid concentration, acetate-to-propionate ratio, and protozoa numbers. Compared with cows fed the control diet, ruminal NH3 concentration increased and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB and rolled FB, respectively; however, we found no difference in ruminal NH3 concentration between the 2 processed FB. Apparent total-tract digestibility of crude protein was similar between cows fed the control diet and cows fed rolled FB and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB compared with cows fed the control diet. Feeding rolled FB decreased CP digestibility compared with feeding ground FB. Urinary and manure (feces + urine) N excretion (g/d or as a proportion of N intake) were not affected by the inclusion of FB in the diet. Enteric CH4 production was similar among the experimental diets. Results from this study show that including FB (17% of dietary dry matter) at the expense of SBM and corn grain in the diet had no effect on milk production, N excretion, and enteric CH4 production of dairy cows.