Voluntary control of saccadic and smooth-pursuit eye movements in children with learning disorders
Voluntary control of saccadic and smooth-pursuit eye movements in children with learning disorders
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DOI：
10.1016/j.braindev.2005.03.005
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Fukushima, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fukushima, J;Tanaka, S;Fukushima, K
眼球运动对人类来说至关重要，它使人类能够将中央凹对准感兴趣的物体。我们研究了18名学习障碍（LD）受试者（8-16岁）和22名正常对照者（7-15岁）的扫视和平滑追踪眼球运动的自愿控制。受试者被分配视觉引导，记忆引导，和反眼跳任务，和平滑追踪眼球运动（SPEM）。虽然，LD受试者在视觉引导的眼跳任务中表现出正常的结果，但他们在记忆引导的眼跳任务中表现出更多的错误（例如，他们无法阻止自己反射性地看线索）和更长的潜伏期，即使他们正确地执行。在反眼跳任务中，他们也表现出比对照组更长的潜伏期。这些结果表明，当目标是不可见的，他们发现很难自愿抑制反射性扫视和启动自愿扫视。在SPEM使用步进斜坡刺激，LD科目表现出较低的开环和闭环增益。这些结果表明，在初始状态下的眼球运动加速和在稳定状态下最小化视网膜滑动的速度维持两者的干扰。最近的解剖学研究表明，LD受试者的某些大脑区域，如额叶皮层的结构异常。额眼运动相关区域，如额眼场和辅助眼场，可能参与了LD患者眼运动自主控制的这些障碍。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Eye movement is crucial to humans in allowing them to aim the foveae at objects of interest. We examined the voluntary control of saccadic and smooth-pursuit eye movements in 18 subjects with learning disorders (LDs) (aged 8-16) and 22 normal controls (aged 7-15). The subjects were assigned visually guided, memory-guided, and anti-saccade tasks, and smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEM). Although, the LD subjects showed normal results in the visually guided saccade task, they showed more errors in the memory-guided saccade task (e.g. they were unable to stop themselves reflexively looking at the cue) and longer latencies, even when they performed correctly. They also showed longer latencies than the controls in the anti-saccade task. These results suggest that they find it difficult to voluntarily suppress reflexive saccades and initiate voluntary saccades when a target is invisible. In SPEM using step-ramp stimuli, the LD subjects showed lower open- and closed-loop gains. These results suggest disturbances of both acceleration of eye movement in the initial state and maintenance of velocity in minimizing retinal slip in the steady state. Recent anatomical studies in LD subjects have suggested abnormalities in the structure of certain brain areas such as the frontal cortex. Frontal eye movement-related areas such as the frontal eye fields and supplementary eye fields may be involved in these disturbances of voluntary control of eye movement in LDs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.