A framework to model the STPA hierarchical control structure of an autonomous ship
A framework to model the STPA hierarchical control structure of an autonomous ship
复制标题
自主船舶 STPA 分层控制结构建模框架
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104939
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
P. Kujala
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meriam Chaal;O. V. Banda;Jon Arne Glomsrud;Sunil Basnet;S. Hirdaris;P. Kujala
由于自动船舶等现代系统的复杂性增加，对风险和安全分析的需求越来越大。安全是多个组织努力开发自主船舶的主要动机之一。采用早期的系统理论安全方法，如系统理论过程分析（STPA）是将安全集成到复杂系统中的有效方法。此外，许多作者敦促使用这种方法来分析自主船舶在开发阶段的风险。应用STPA需要系统的描述来建模分层控制结构并进行分析。在现阶段，自主船舶的功能描述仍然有限，这对构建分层控制结构提出了挑战。本文提出了一个框架，发展的分层控制结构的自主船舶。该框架是建立在《科技进步法》控制结构及其五个主要要素的原则基础上的。它利用了当前的航运运营系统、有关自主船舶的可用信息以及海员在常规船舶上执行各种任务的经验。该框架的应用表明，海员提供的信息是必不可少的，在制定一个自主船舶的初步功能描述。此外，研究结果显示，除了自主船舶的技术方面，将这些船舶引入当前海上运营的组织控制结构也带来了需要在最早设计阶段解决的挑战。
The demand for risk and safety analysis is becoming greater due to the increased complexity of modern systems such as autonomous ships. Safety is one of the main motivations behind the efforts of multiple organizations to develop autonomous ships. The adoption of an early system-theoretic approach to safety such as System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is an effective way to integrate safety in complex systems. Furthermore, many authors have urged the use of this method to analyse the risks of autonomous vessels in the development phases. Applying STPA requires a description of the system to model the hierarchical control structure and conduct the analysis. At this stage, the functional description of autonomous ships remains limited, which poses a challenge in building the hierarchical control structure. This paper proposes a framework for developing a hierarchical control structure of an autonomous ship. The framework is founded on the principles of the STPA control structure and its five main elements. It makes use of the current shipping operation system, the available information about autonomous ships and the experience of seafarers executing diverse tasks on-board conventional ships. The application of the framework showed that the information provided by the seafarers is essential in developing an initial functional description of an autonomous ship. Furthermore, the results revealed that in addition to the technical aspects of autonomous ships, introducing these vessels into the organizational control structure of current maritime operation also poses challenges that need to be addressed in the earliest design phase.