From Revolution to Romanticism: The Historical Context to 1800
From Revolution to Romanticism: The Historical Context to 1800
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从革命到浪漫主义：1800 年的历史背景
DOI：
10.1002/9781405165396.ch3
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Duff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Duff
一切文学都带有产生它的历史时刻的痕迹，但在某些时刻，历史和文学之间的关系以更根本的方式形成。浪漫主义时期的文学就是一个强有力的例子，但证据部分被浪漫主义文本经常寻求超越其历史环境的事实所掩盖，并将读者投射到一个想象的平面上，在那里时间和地点的特殊性被遗忘了。这种冲动，最明显的是与某些类型的抒情诗和赋予浪漫主义以浪漫主义之名的叙事体裁有关，使浪漫主义文本受到逃避现实的指责--或者，在最近的批评中，[1]受到这样的指责，即浪漫主义作品经常设法通过谈论其他事情来否认或“取代”历史（想象力，创造力，自然，自我）当它真正涉及历史或政治问题时。这些都是必须仔细考虑的论点，因为它们提醒我们注意浪漫主义诗学和“浪漫主义”这个词本身（一个回顾性的标签，带有明显的非历史偏见）中的重要张力。但它们需要与大量的浪漫主义文本--跨越所有文学流派--相对照，在这些文本中，与历史的接触是直接而明确的。这些作品揭示了浪漫主义作家对历史的普遍关注，甚至是强迫性的关注，这不仅反映在他们对过去的迷恋上，也反映在他们对自己的历史时刻同样强烈的感知上，如果经常困扰的话。那个时代见证了“旧浪漫”的复兴和主观抒情诗的优势，也见证了历史小说的诞生，并产生了许多其他作品，这些作品公开讨论了他们那个时代的社会和政治现实。在当代批评中，文学和历史的相互影响也是一个成熟的讨论话题，通常集中在“时代精神”的浪漫主义概念上，或者德国人所说的时代精神。
All literature bears traces of the historical moment which gives rise to it, but at certain moments the relationship between history and literature becomes formative in more fundamental ways. The literature of the Romantic period is a powerful example of this, but the evidence is partially obscured by the fact that Romantic texts often seek to transcend their historical circumstances, and to project their readers onto an imaginative plane where the particularities of time and place are forgotten. Such impulses, most obviously associated with certain types of lyric and with the narrative genre which gives Romanticism its name, romance, have opened Romantic texts to the charge of escapism — or, in more recent criticism,1to the claim that Romantic writing frequently contrives to deny or ‘displace’ history by talking of other things (imagination, creativity, nature, the self) when it is really concerned with historical or political matters. These are arguments that have to be considered carefully, since they alert us to important tensions in Romantic poetics and in the word ‘Romantic’ itself (a retrospective label, carrying an obvious ahistorical bias). But they need to be set against the large number of Romantic texts — across all the literary genres — in which the engagement with history is direct and explicit. What these reveal is that history is a pervasive, even obsessive concern of Romantic writers, reflected not only in their fascination with the past but also in their equally intense, if often troubled perception of their own historical moment. The era which saw the revival of ‘old romance’ and the ascendancy of the subjective lyric also witnessed the birth of the historical novel, and produced numerous other works which openly address the social and political realities of their own time. In contemporary criticism too, the reciprocal influence of literature and history was a developed topic of discussion, often focused on the distinctly Romantic concept of the ‘spirit of the age’, or what the Germans called theZeitgeist.