Distribution and evolution of water chemistry in Heihe River basin
Distribution and evolution of water chemistry in Heihe River basin
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DOI：
10.1007/s00254-003-0950-7
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发表时间：
2004-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Q. Feng;Wei Liu;Yong-zhong Su;Youfu Zhang;Jinhai Si
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Q. Feng;Wei Liu;Yong-zhong Su;Youfu Zhang;Jinhai Si
通过对降水、地表水和地下水的实地采样，对黑河流域的地表水和地下水化学进行了评估，从而区分了地理区域和化学类型。高山冰雪(3900~3900平方米)、高寒草甸(3400~3900平方米)、山地森林灌丛(2600~3400平方米)、山地草原(1900~2900平方米)和荒漠草原(1500~1900平方米)。地下水化学类型包括：(1)山体裂隙和山前砾石、重碳酸盐；(2)山前洪积、冲积湖平原、硫酸盐；(3)荒漠积盐洼地、氯化物。自20世纪60年代以来，人们发现大量引水灌溉的河水在冲积扇边缘以泉水的形式重新出现，然后与黑河重新汇合。经过中游的多次重复利用和再出现，这条河的矿化度翻了一番。水文变化导致水生生境显著退化，并造成大量和不断扩大的土地盐碱化和荒漠化。解决这些在很大程度上是人为的问题需要协调一致、大规模和长期的努力。
Surface- vs. ground-water chemistry in the Heihe River basin, assessed through field sampling of precipitation, surface water and groundwater, allowed geographical zones and chemical types to be differentiated. The geographical zones included: alpine ice-snow (>3,900 m), alpine meadow (3,400–3,900 m), mountain forest and shrub (2,600–3,400 m), mountain grassland (1,900–2,600 m) and desert grassland (1,500–1,900 m). Groundwater chemical types included: (1) mountain fissure and piedmont gravel, bicarbonate, (2) piedmont diluvial, alluvial and lacustrine plain, sulphate, and (3) desert salt-accumulating depression, chloride. Since the 1960s, large volumes of river water diverted for irrigation have been found to re-emerge as spring water at the edge of alluvial fans and then reintegrate the Heihe River. After a number of reuses and re-emergences in the middle reaches, the river’s level of mineralization has doubled. Hydrological changes have resulted in the marked degradation of aquatic habitats, and caused substantial, and expanding, land salinization and desertification. Solving these largely anthropogenic problems requires concerted, massive and long-term efforts.