Diversifying evolution of competitiveness
Diversifying evolution of competitiveness
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms6233
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Weissing, Franz J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baldauf, Sebastian A.;Engqvist, Leif;Weissing, Franz J.
在许多物种中，个体表现出增强其竞争力的表型特征，即在与他人竞争中获得资源的能力。此外，竞争的程度在个人和时间上都有很大差异。通过进化模型，我们为这一发现提供了一个解释。我们假设对竞争力的投资提高了获得优质资源的概率，但同时也降低了以最大效率开发获得资源的能力。该模型表明，在广泛的条件下，竞争力要么收敛于多态状态，即竞争能力不同的个体稳定共存，要么在高竞争力和低竞争力之间不断转换。如果雌性可以进化出对（或反对）有竞争力的雄性的偏好，这种动态就会变得更加复杂。在极端情况下，这种偏好甚至会导致种群灭绝。
In many species, individuals express phenotypic characteristics that enhance their competitiveness, that is, the ability to acquire resources in competition with others. Moreover, the degree of competitiveness varies considerably across individuals and in time. By means of an evolutionary model, we provide an explanation for this finding. We make the assumption that investment into competitiveness enhances the probability to acquire a high-quality resource, but at the same time reduces the ability of exploiting acquired resources with maximal efficiency. The model reveals that under a broad range of conditions competitiveness either converges to a polymorphic state, where individuals differing in competitive ability stably coexist, or is subject to perpetual transitions between periods of high and low competitiveness. The dynamics becomes even more complex if females can evolve preferences for (or against) competitive males. In extreme cases, such preferences can even drive the population to extinction.