Flexible, Mechanically Durable Aerogel Composites for Oil Capture and Recovery
Flexible, Mechanically Durable Aerogel Composites for Oil Capture and Recovery
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DOI：
10.1021/acsami.5b08439
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发表时间：
2016-01-13
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
Plata, Desiree L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karatum, Osman;Steiner, Stephen A., III;Plata, Desiree L.
北美历史上两起最大的漏油事件（伊克托克一号井和马孔多井喷）相隔 30 多年，尽管同一时期出现了先进的材料创新，但对这两起灾难的反应几乎相同。新型、机械耐用的吸附剂可以实现（a）在公海使用吸附剂，（b）自动部署以尽量减少劳动力接触有毒化学品，以及（c）机械回收泄漏的石油。在这里，我们探索使用两种机械耐用、低密度（0.1-0.2 g cm(-3)）、高孔隙（85-99% 孔隙率）、疏水（水接触角 >120 度）、柔性气凝胶复合毯作为自动石油捕获和回收的吸附剂材料：Cabot Thermal Wrap (TW) 和 Aspen Aerogels Spaceloft (SL)。 SL 的原油（伊拉克油和 Sweet Bryan Mound 油）吸收量分别为 8.0 +/- 0.1 和 6.5 +/- 0.3 g g(-1)，TW 的吸收量分别为 14.0 +/- 0.1 和 12.2 +/- 0.1 g g(-1)，几乎是基于聚氨酯和聚丙烯的类似设备的两倍。化合物特异性吸收实验和对水吸收的区分表明了吸附影响的吸附机制。与该机制一致，化学萃取石油回收率为 95 +/- 2 (SL) 和 90 +/- 2% (TW)，但在分散式石油清理工作中，这是不受欢迎的萃取路线。相比之下，机械提取路线是有利的，并且适度的压缩力（38 N）在 10 个重复使用周期中对 SL 产生了最初的 44.7 +/- 0.5% 至 42.0 +/- 0.4%，对 TW 最初产生了 55.0 +/- 0.1%，在 10 个循环结束时降级至 30.0 +/- 0.2%。 SL 的机械完整性大幅恶化（800 +/- 200 至 80 +/- 30 kPa），而 TW 在 10 个吸收和压缩提取循环后更加坚固（380 +/- 80 至 700 +/- 100 kPa）。
More than 30 years separate the two largest oil spills in North American history (the Ixtoc I and Macondo well blowouts), yet the responses to both disasters were nearly identical in spite of advanced material innovation during the same time period. Novel, mechanically durable sorbents could enable (a) sorbent use in the open ocean, (b) automated deployment to minimize workforce exposure to toxic chemicals, and (c) mechanical recovery of spilled oils. Here, we explore the use of two mechanically durable, low-density (0.1-0.2 g cm(-3)), highly porous (85-99% porosity), hydrophobic (water contact angles >120 degrees), flexible aerogel composite blankets as sorbent materials for automated oil capture and recovery: Cabot Thermal Wrap (TW) and Aspen Aerogels Spaceloft (SL). Uptake of crude oils (Iraq and Sweet Bryan Mound oils) was 8.0 +/- 0.1 and 6.5 +/- 0.3 g g(-1) for SL and 14.0 +/- 0.1 and 12.2 +/- 0.1 g g(-1) for TW, respectively, nearly twice as high as similar polyurethane- and polypropylene-based devices. Compound-specific uptake experiments and discrimination against water uptake suggested an adsorption-influenced sorption mechanism. Consistent with that mechanism, chemical extraction oil recoveries were 95 +/- 2 (SL) and 90 +/- 2% (TW), but this is an undesirable extraction route in decentralized oil cleanup efforts. In contrast, mechanical extraction routes are favorable, and a modest compression force (38 N) yielded 44.7 +/- 0.5% initially to 42.0 +/- 0.4% over 10 reuse cycles for SL and initially 55.0 +/- 0.1% for TW, degrading to 30.0 +/- 0.2% by the end of 10 cycles. The mechanical integrity of SL deteriorated substantially (800 +/- 200 to 80 +/- 30 kPa), whereas TW was more robust (380 +/- 80 to 700 +/- 100 kPa) over 10 uptake-and-compression extraction cycles.