Genetic Yield Improvement in Soft Red Winter Wheat in the Eastern United States from 1919 to 2009
Genetic Yield Improvement in Soft Red Winter Wheat in the Eastern United States from 1919 to 2009
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci2012.01.0026
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Ahmed, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Green, Andrew J.;Berger, G.;Ahmed, A.
对育种进展进行定期评估对于评估遗传增益是必要的，而对产量增益负责的潜在性状可以指导未来的育种。本研究旨在确定1950 - 2009年发布的东部软红冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种相对于历史品种红五月（1919）的产量进步速度和幅度。2010年和2011年在弗吉尼亚州华沙以及2011年在弗吉尼亚州荷兰和布莱克斯堡进行的重复产量试验中，研究了50个广泛种植的历史和现有品种的农艺、形态和产量组成性状对粮食产量的影响。大多数性状的基因型与环境交互作用极显著（p < 0.01）。建立了各环境下产量的线性回归模型，各环境间的r(2)值在0.62 ~ 0.76之间。叶片角、粒重、每平方米穗数、倒伏、开花日期、收获指数、归一化营养指数（NDVI）和绿叶保持率等性状分别解释了不同环境下产量的最大变化。2011年在荷兰的遗传产量提高率为0.56% /年（-1），2011年在布莱克斯堡的遗传产量提高率为1.4% /年（-1）。随着时间的推移，每平方米穗数、直立旗叶角、收获指数、每穗种子数、每小穗种子数和产量均呈持续增长趋势。随着研究时间的推移，开花日期和株高下降。
Periodic evaluation of breeding progress is necessary to assess genetic gains over time, and underlying traits responsible for yield gains can direct future breeding. This study was conducted to determine the rate and magnitude of yield progress in eastern soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released from 1950 to 2009 relative to a historical cultivar Red May (1919). The effects of agronomic, morphological, and yield component traits on grain yield were studied in 50 widely grown historic and current cultivars in replicated yield trials at Warsaw, VA, in 2010 and 2011 and at Holland and Blacksburg, VA, in 2011. Genotype x environment interactions were significant (p < 0.01) for most traits. Linear regression models for yield were constructed for each environment, with r(2) values ranging from 0.62 to 0.76 among environments. The traits flag leaf angle, kernel weight, spikes per square meter, lodging, flowering date, harvest index, normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), and green leaf retention, respectively, explained the most yield variation in multiple environments. The rate of genetic yield improvement ranged from 0.56% yr(-1) at Holland in 2011 to 1.4% yr(-1) at Blacksburg in 2011. Traits that consistently increased in magnitude over time were spikes per square meter, erect flag leaf angle, harvest index, seeds per spike, seeds per spikelet, and yield. Traits that decreased over the time period studied were flowering date and plant height.