Cooking fuel smoke and respiratory symptoms among women in low-income areas in Maputo
Cooking fuel smoke and respiratory symptoms among women in low-income areas in Maputo
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DOI：
10.2307/3433146
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发表时间：
1996-09-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Ellegard, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ellegard, A
在莫桑比克马普托研究了接触烹饪燃料造成的空气污染与健康方面之间的关系。随机选择的近1 200名居住在马普托郊区的妇女接受了采访，并对218名妇女进行了空气污染监测。最常用的燃料是木材、木炭、电力和液化石油气。木材使用者在烹饪时间（1200 μ g/m3）暴露于明显高于木炭使用者（540 μ g/m3）和现代燃料（液化石油气和电力）使用者（200-380 μ g/m3）的颗粒污染水平。木材使用者的咳嗽症状明显多于其他群体。当控制大量的环境变量时，这种关联仍然显着，木炭使用者和现代燃料使用者之间的咳嗽症状没有差异。其他呼吸道症状，如呼吸困难，喘息，吸气和呼气困难与木材的使用无关。减少木材的使用可能会改善木材使用者的急性呼吸系统健康影响，并可能改善马普托的环境空气污染状况。为了减少木材烟雾暴露对健康的影响，似乎最便宜和最快的方法是鼓励更多地使用木炭，必须解决一氧化碳含量高的问题。转向现代燃料在短期内超出了大多数这些家庭的能力，也无法证明更有效。
The association between exposure to air pollution from cooking fuels and health aspects was studied in Maputo, Mozambique. Almost 1200 randomly selected women residing in the suburbs of Maputo were interviewed and 218 were monitored for air pollution. The fuels most commonly used were wood, charcoal, electricity and liquified petroleum gas (LPG). Wood users were exposed to significantly higher levels of particulate pollution during cooking time (1200 mu g/m3) than charcoal users (540 mu g/m(3)) and users of modern fuels (LPG and electricity) (200-380 mu g/m(3)). Wood users were found to have significantly more cough symptoms than other groups. This association remained significant when controlling for a large number of environmental variables, There was no difference in cough symptoms between charcoal users and users of modern fuels. Other respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, wheezing, and inhalation and exhalation difficulties were not associated with wood use. Reducing wood use would Likely improve acute respiratory health effects in wood users and possibly improve the ambient air pollution conditions in Maputo. To reduce the health impact of wood smoke exposure, it appears that the least costly and quickest method would be to encourage charcoal use to a greater extent, high carbon monoxide levels would have to be addressed. Turning to modern fuels is beyond the means of most these households in the short term and could not be shown to be more effective.