Adaptive Radiation of Reproductive Characteristics in Angiosperms, II: Seeds and Seedlings
Adaptive Radiation of Reproductive Characteristics in Angiosperms, II: Seeds and Seedlings
复制标题
被子植物生殖特性的适应性辐射，II：种子和幼苗
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1971
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Stebbins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Stebbins
在本综述第1卷的前半部分的引言中，指出了生殖特征作为被子植物进化趋势的主要决定因素的重要性。他们还指出，种子和幼苗的特性比植物所具有的任何其他特性更需要不同功能之间的精确整合和协调，以便成功地繁殖。此外，种子大小、种子数量、胚胎的性质和与其相关的储存食物的适应价值可能相互冲突，以至于在特定栖息地的繁殖效率取决于这些冲突需求之间的妥协。这些妥协的数量和多样性在很大程度上导致被子植物在通常被视为其主要类别的诊断特征方面的多样性。本文旨在对这些特征及其与开花终止和下一代幼苗成功建立之间发生的基因型-环境相互作用的关系进行探索性回顾。这篇综述必须是探索性的，而不是最终的阐述，因为我们对种子和幼苗生态学的知识非常缺乏。在过去的几年中，花和它们的传粉者一直是自然历史研究的焦点，与之相反，种子和幼苗受到的关注相对较少，几乎没有对它们进行过任何比较系统的生态学研究。其中一个原因是，相对于传粉研究，种子和幼苗的比较研究难度更大。花授粉是在相对较短的时间内发生的单一事件，可以根据一组观察结果来理解。然而，种子的繁殖包括三种不同的过程，它们在空间和时间上可能彼此相隔很远：种子发育、传播、
In the introduction to the first half of this article, which appeared in Volume 1 of this Review, the importance of reproductive characteristics as major determinants of evolutionary trends in angiosperms was pointed out. The point was also made that characteristics of seeds and seedlings, more than any other kinds of characters that the plants possess, require precise integration and coordination between different functions in order that successful reproduction can take place. Moreover, the adaptive values of seed size, seed number, the nature of the embryo, and the stored food that is associated with it may conflict with each other to such an extent that reproductive efficiency in a particular habitat depends upon a compromise between these conflicting demands. The number and diversity of such compromises is responsible to a great degree for the diversity of angiosperms with respect to those characteristics that are ordinarily regarded as diagnostic for their major categories. The present article is intended as an exploratory review of these characteristics and of their relationship to the genotype-environment interactions that take place between the termination of flowering and the successful establishment of the next generation of seedlings. This review must be exploratory rather than a final exposition because of the great scarcity of our knowledge concerning seed and seedling ecology. In contrast to flowers and their pollinators, which have been the focus of a greatly revived interest in natural history during the past few years, seeds and seedlings have received relatively little attention, and hardly any comparative systematic ecological studies have been carried out on them. One reason for this is the greater difficulty of comparative studies of seeds and seedlings, relative to studies of pollination. Flower pollination is a single event that takes place over a relatively short period of time, and it can be understood on the basis of one set of observations. Seed reproduction, however, includes three different kinds of processes that may be widely separated from each other in both space and time: seed development, dispersal,