Effect of potassium and manganese phosphites in the control of Pythium damping-off in soybean: a feasible alternative to fungicide seed treatments.
Effect of potassium and manganese phosphites in the control of Pythium damping-off in soybean: a feasible alternative to fungicide seed treatments.
复制标题
亚磷酸钾和亚磷酸锰在控制大豆腐霉猝倒病中的效果：杀菌剂种子处理的可行替代方案。
作者：
M. Carmona;F. Sautua;P. Grijalba;Mariano Cassina;O. Pérez
背景
在全世界范围内，使用杀菌剂种子处理来控制诸如腐霉立枯病等大豆土传疾病的情况有所增加。然而，对甲霜灵-M产生抗药性的腐霉菌株的出现促使人们需要替代杀菌剂的技术来防治立枯病。亚磷酸盐(PHIs)已被提出作为一种控制卵菌的方法，但由于缺乏关于其有效性的信息，它们作为大豆种子处理剂的使用受到了限制。研究了钾(K)和锰(Mn)PHIs作为种子处理对大豆腐霉立枯病的防治效果。在马铃薯蔗糖琼脂上培养5d后，将处理种子和对照种子分别置于马铃薯蔗糖琼脂上和对照上，用序贯标度法评价接种后5d对苹果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson)Fitzpatrick)、不规则腐霉(Pythium Inrulare Buisman)和最终腐霉(Pythium Ultimum Trow)的立枯病严重程度。在体内，将处理种子和对照种子种植在聚苯乙烯盆栽中，并在21d后评估出苗情况。
结果
用多项式广义线性模型对试管数据进行分析，结果表明，在对照中，未萌发、死亡种子的概率为0.64~1.00，而在pHi处理中，每种腐霉的未萌发、死亡种子的概率为0~0.13。PHI产物处理的种子萌发无立枯病症状或有立枯病症状的概率显著高于对照。在体内试验中，与未经处理的对照相比，以Phi为基础的产品平均可提高出苗率高达29%。
结论
锰和钾肥是防治大豆腐霉立枯病的可行种子处理剂。这项研究是世界上第一次证明钾和锰PHIs对大豆腐霉立枯病的防治效果。©2017中国化学工业学会。
BACKGROUND
Use of fungicide seed treatments for control of soybean soilborne diseases such as Pythium damping-off has increased worldwide. However, emergence of Pythium strains resistant to metalaxyl-M has prompted the need for alternative technologies to fungicides for damping-off control. The use of phosphites (Phis) has been proposed as a method to control oomycetes, but their use as seed treatments in soybean is limited by the lack of information on their efficacy. The effect of potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) Phis (as seed treatments) in the control of Pythium damping-off in soybean was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, treated seeds and a control were placed on potato dextrose agar and the damping-off severity caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzpatrick, Pythium irregulare Buisman, and Pythium ultimum Trow was assessed 5 days after incubation using an ordinal scale. In vivo, treated seeds and a control were planted in polystyrene pots and emergence was evaluated 21 days after planting.
RESULTS
Analysis of the in vitro data using a multinomial generalized linear model showed that the probabilities of non-germinated, dead seeds ranged from 0.64 to 1.00 in the control and from 0 to 0.13 in the Phi treatments in each of the Pythium species. Probabilities of seed germination without or with damping-off symptoms were significantly higher for seeds treated with the Phi products than for the control. In the in vivo experiment, the Phi-based products increased seedling emergence by up to 29% on average compared with the untreated control.
CONCLUSION
Mn and K Phis are feasible alternatives as seed treatments to control Pythium damping-off in soybean. This study is the first, worldwide, to document the efficacy of K and Mn Phis in the control of soybean Pythium damping-off. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.