The superior precentral gyrus of the insula does not appear to be functionally specialized for articulation
The superior precentral gyrus of the insula does not appear to be functionally specialized for articulation
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00214.2014
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fridriksson, Julius
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fedorenko, Evelina;Fillmore, Paul;Fridriksson, Julius
Broca（Broca P. Bull Soc Anat巴黎36：330-357，1861）认为左后额下回支持语音清晰度。根据另一种建议（例如，Dronkers NF. Nature 384：159-161，1996; Wise RJ，格林J，Buchel C，Scott SK. Lancet 353：1057-1061，1999; Baldo JV，Wilkins DP，Ogar J，Willock S，Dronkers NF.第四十七章：800-807，2011），前额叶中的区域[具体地，额叶的上级中央前回（SPGI）]是发音能力的所在地。此外，Dronkers及其同事认为SPGI在功能上专门用于（复杂的）语音清晰度。在这里，我们使用个体受试者功能性MRI（fMRI）分析（例如，杨志华，李志华. J Neurophysiol 104：1177-1194，2010）。我们发现SPGI在发音过程中的反应很弱，如果有的话（布罗卡区的部分反应强烈3-4倍），并且对更高的发音要求没有表现出更强的反应。无论SPGI是在功能上（通过单独选择每个受试者中SPGI附近的最具关节响应性的体素）还是在解剖学上（通过使用绘制在每个受试者的解剖结构上的掩模）定义，这都是成立的。重要的是，非言语的口头运动激活SPGI更强烈比关节，特别是根据解剖学定义的SPGI。根据Hillis等人（Hillis AE，Work M，Barker PB，Jacobs MA，Breese EL，Maurer K. Brain 127：1479-1487，2004;以及Trupe L，Varma DD，Gomez Y，Race D，Leigh R，Hillis AE，Gottesman RF.第四十四招：740-744，2013），我们认为SPGI和可能更普遍的前额叶与关节之间的先前联系可能是由于其缺血性损伤的高基础率（和fMRI中的激活; Yarkoni T，Poldrack RA，Nichols TE，货车埃森DC，Wager TD. Nat方法8：665-670，2011），结合其与更直接支持语音发音的区域的接近性，例如中央前回或额下回的后部（Richardson JD，Fillmore P，Rorden C，Lapointe LL，Fridriksson J. Brain Lang 123：125-130，2012），以及因此对关节损伤的易感性。
Broca (Broca P. Bull Soc Anat Paris 36: 330-357, 1861) influentially argued that posterior left inferior frontal gyrus supports speech articulation. According to an alternative proposal (e.g., Dronkers NF. Nature 384: 159-161, 1996; Wise RJ, Greene J, Buchel C, Scott SK. Lancet 353: 1057-1061, 1999; Baldo JV, Wilkins DP, Ogar J, Willock S, Dronkers NF. Cortex 47: 800-807, 2011), a region in the anterior insula [specifically, the superior precentral gyrus of the insula (SPGI)] is the seat of articulatory abilities. Moreover, Dronkers and colleagues have argued that the SPGI is functionally specialized for (complex) speech articulation. Here, we evaluate this claim using individual-subject functional MRI (fMRI) analyses (e.g., Fedorenko E, Hsieh PJ, Nieto-Castanon A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Kanwisher N. J Neurophysiol 104: 1177-1194, 2010). We find that the SPGI responds weakly, if at all, during articulation (parts of Broca's area respond 3-4 times more strongly) and does not show a stronger response to higher articulatory demands. This holds regardless of whether the SPGI is defined functionally (by selecting the most articulation-responsive voxels in the vicinity of the SPGI in each subject individually) or anatomically (by using masks drawn on each individual subject's anatomy). Critically, nonspeech oral movements activate the SPGI more strongly than articulation, especially under the anatomical definition of the SPGI. In line with Hillis et al. (Hillis AE, Work M, Barker PB, Jacobs MA, Breese EL, Maurer K. Brain 127: 1479-1487, 2004; also Trupe L, Varma DD, Gomez Y, Race D, Leigh R, Hillis AE, Gottesman RF. Stroke 44: 740-744, 2013), we argue that previous links between the SPGI, and perhaps anterior insula more generally, and articulation may be due to its high base rate of ischemic damage (and activation in fMRI; Yarkoni T, Poldrack RA, Nichols TE, Van Essen DC, Wager TD. Nat Methods 8: 665-670, 2011), combined with its proximity to regions that more directly support speech articulation, such as the precentral gyrus or the posterior aspects of the inferior frontal gyrus (Richardson JD, Fillmore P, Rorden C, Lapointe LL, Fridriksson J. Brain Lang 123: 125-130, 2012), and thus susceptibility to joint damage.