VII. DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF CHILDREN'S EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AFTER THE BIRTH OF A SIBLING.
VII. DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF CHILDREN'S EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AFTER THE BIRTH OF A SIBLING.
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DOI：
10.1111/mono.12313
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
Yu T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuo PX;Volling BL;Gonzalez R;Oh W;Yu T
本章中的情绪反应是指儿童的喜怒无常，担忧，情绪不稳定，以及他们在情绪上无法科普新情况（Achenbach & Rescorla，2000），而不是气质特征。反应型儿童通常难以适应变化，并被描述为喜怒无常和焦虑。因为兄弟姐妹的出生被认为是家庭中的一个重大变化，情绪反应的孩子在出生后可能会变得越来越情绪不稳定。斯图尔特（Stewart，1990）指出，在向兄弟姐妹关系过渡的过程中，孩子在婴儿出生后的一年里经历了情绪强度的增加、情绪表达范围的减少以及接近而不是退出社会交往的倾向的增加。孩子在兄弟姐妹出生后是否有情绪反应问题的可能性取决于孩子是否在出生前被母亲描述为情绪反应。Dunn & Kendrick（1982）报告说，出生前情绪反应的孩子要么在出生后情绪反应，要么在兄弟姐妹出生后的前8个月内情绪反应实际上增加了。这些发现为强调原则提供了支持，生活压力源在生活事件之前强调了个体预先存在的心理特征，在这种情况下，婴儿兄弟姐妹的出生（Elder & Caspi，1988; Volling，2012）。Dunn & Kendrick（1982）认为，儿童的痛苦情绪和担忧的变化不仅仅是与年龄相关的发展变化，因为这些行为只在出生前一个月到出生后8个月之间增加，而不是从8个月到14个月，当家庭已经适应了出生时。因此，有一些证据表明，我们可能会看到儿童的情绪反应的调整和适应反应，情绪反应立即增加，然后很快下降或稳定。
Emotional reactivity in the current chapter refers to children’s moodiness, worrying, emotional instability, and their inability to emotionally cope with new situations (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000) rather than a temperamental characteristic. Emotionally reactive children often have difficulties adapting to change and are described as moody and anxious. Because the birth of a sibling is considered a significant change within the family, emotionally reactive children may become increasingly emotionally labile after the birth. During the transition to siblinghood, Stewart (1990) reported that children experienced an increase in emotional intensity, a decrease in the range of mood expressions, and an increased tendency to approach rather than withdraw from social interaction in the year following the infant’s birth. The likelihood of whether children have problems with emotional reactivity after the sibling’s birth was contingent on whether children were described by mothers as emotionally reactive prior to the birth. Dunn & Kendrick (1982) reported that emotionally reactive children prior to the birth were either emotionally reactive after the birth or actually increased in emotional reactivity in the first 8 months following the sibling’s birth. These findings provide support for the accentuation principle, where life stressors accentuate the individual’s pre-existing psychological traits prior to the life event, in this case, the birth of an infant sibling (Elder & Caspi, 1988; Volling, 2012). Dunn & Kendrick (1982) argued that the change in children’s miserable moods and worrying was not simply a matter of agerelated developmental change because these behaviors increased only from one month before the birth to 8 months after, and not from 8 months to 14 months, when the family had already adjusted to the birth. Thus, there is some evidence to suggest that we might see an adjustment and adaptation response for children’s emotional reactivity, with an immediate increase in emotional reactivity that either declines or stabilizes shortly afterward.