Gut Site and Gut Morphology Predict Microbiome Structure and Function in Ecologically Diverse Lemurs
Gut Site and Gut Morphology Predict Microbiome Structure and Function in Ecologically Diverse Lemurs
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-022-02034-4
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
L. Greene;E. McKenney;William Gasper;Claudia Wrampelmeier;S. Hayer;E. Ehmke;J. B. Clayton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Greene;E. McKenney;William Gasper;Claudia Wrampelmeier;S. Hayer;E. Ehmke;J. B. Clayton
大多数野生动物肠道微生物群的研究都依赖于粪便来近似胃肠道上的菌群，这是可以理解的。因此，我们比较了常规尸检过程中采集的 52 只狐猴的胃、小肠、盲肠和结肠样本中的微生物组结构并预测了宏基因组功能。狐猴代表七个属（Cheirogaleus、Daubentonia、Varecia、Hapalemur、Eulemur、狐猴、Propithecus），具有不同的摄食生态和肠道形态。特别是，宿主对纤维食物的依赖程度不同，并且其大肠表现出相关的形态复杂性。在宿主谱系中，上肠道和下肠道之间的微生物组多样性、变异性、成员资格和功能存在差异，反映了可用营养物质的区域权衡。这些模式与肠道总长度关系不大，但受到发酵能力（即小肠与大肠长度的比率）的调节。无论饲养策略如何，发酵能力有限的宿主属在肠道内都具有更均一的微生物组多样性，而发酵能力扩大的宿主属则拥有具有更大多样性和丰富的发酵瘤胃球菌类群的盲肠和结肠微生物组。在强调精心设计的样本库用于回顾性比较的价值的同时，我们的结果证实，无论是常规还是在高变环境中，依靠纤维食物生存的需要都可以塑造下肠道的形态和微生物特征。
Most studies of wildlife gut microbiotas understandably rely on feces to approximate consortia along the gastrointestinal tract. We therefore compared microbiome structure and predicted metagenomic function in stomach, small intestinal, cecal, and colonic samples from 52 lemurs harvested during routine necropsies. The lemurs represent seven genera (Cheirogaleus,Daubentonia,Varecia,Hapalemur,Eulemur,Lemur,Propithecus) characterized by diverse feeding ecologies and gut morphologies. In particular, the hosts variably depend on fibrous foodstuffs and show correlative morphological complexity in their large intestines. Across host lineages, microbiome diversity, variability, membership, and function differed between the upper and lower gut, reflecting regional tradeoffs in available nutrients. These patterns related minimally to total gut length but were modulated by fermentation capacity (i.e., the ratio of small to large intestinal length). Irrespective of feeding strategy, host genera with limited fermentation capacity harbored more homogenized microbiome diversity along the gut, whereas those with expanded fermentation capacity harbored cecal and colonic microbiomes with greater diversity and abundant fermentativeRuminococcaceaetaxa. While highlighting the value of curated sample repositories for retrospective comparisons, our results confirm that the need to survive on fibrous foods, either routinely or in hypervariable environments, can shape the morphological and microbial features of the lower gut.