A novel electrobiotechnology for the recovery of precious metals from spent automotive catalysts
A novel electrobiotechnology for the recovery of precious metals from spent automotive catalysts
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一种从废汽车催化剂中回收贵金属的新型电生物技术
DOI：
10.1080/09593330309385561
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
L. Macaskie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Yong;N. Rowson;J. Farr;L. R. Harris;L. Macaskie
铂族金属通常用于汽车催化剂，但回收技术落后于需求。没有可用的“清洁技术”，而且从废料中溶解金属的浸出液(例如王水)具有很强的侵略性。提出了一种微波辅助浸出金属的方法，金属回收率为80%，浸出时间从2 h缩短到15 min，浸出率为50%(AQ)。稀释王水以获得潜在的更具生物相容性的渗滤液。脱硫弧菌将可溶性铂族金属还原为细胞结合的不溶贱金属(例如Pd(II)？Pd(0))。使用时，生物膜固定在Pd-23%Ag固体合金膜上，通过背面的电化学室将H“输送到细胞。将生物质涂覆的Pd-Ag合金电极用于流动反应器，从废旧汽车催化剂王水浸出液(pH 2.5)中回收Pd、Pt和Rh，在流动停留时间为15min时，效率可达90%。游离细胞不会减少渗滤液中的铂族金属，但电生物反应器使用预装了Pd(0)的生物膜细胞做到了这一点。没有生物质的反应堆或具有热灭活生物膜的反应堆仅通过电化学合成的H‘还原剂去除较少的铂族金属。在流通式电生物反应器中使用活性生物膜层提供了一种简单、清洁和快速的潜力回收技术。
Abstract Platinum group metals are routinely used in automotive catalysts but recycle technology lags behind demand. There is no available ‘clean technology’ and leach solutions (e.g. aqua regia) to solubilise the metals from scrap are highly aggressive. A microwave‐assisted leaching method was developed which gave 80% metals recovery, with the leach time reduced from 2 h to 15 min using 50% (aq.) diluted aqua regia to give potentially a more biocompatible leachate. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans reduces soluble platinum group metals to cell‐bound insoluble base metals (e.g. Pd(II) ? Pd(0)). For use, biofilm was immobilised on a Pd‐23% Ag solid alloy membrane which delivered H” to the cells via an electrochemical chamber at the back‐side. The biomass‐coated Pd‐Ag alloy electrode was used in a flow‐through reactor for recovery of Pd, Pt and Rh from aqua regia leachates (pH 2.5) of spent automotive catalysts with up to 90% efficiency at a flow residence time of 15 minutes. Free cells did not reduce platinum group metals from the leachates but the electrobioreactor did so using biofilm‐cells preloaded with Pd(0). Reactors lacking biomass or reactors with heat‐killed biofilm removed less platinum group metals, via electrochemically‐synthesised H’ reductant alone. The use of an active biofilm layer in a flow‐through electrobioreactor provides a simple, clean and rapid potential recycle technology.