SIGNIFICANCE OF SYMPATRY TO BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION OF GREAT PLAINS MEADOWLARKS
SIGNIFICANCE OF SYMPATRY TO BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION OF GREAT PLAINS MEADOWLARKS
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同情大平原草鹨的行为和进化的意义
DOI：
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发表时间：
1973
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Rohwer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Rohwer
种间领域性的情况是罕见的鸟类，拥有多用途的繁殖领域，他们饲料，交配和筑巢。不同的作者（例如，西蒙斯，1951年;约翰逊，1963年; Orians和Willson，1964）已经注意到种间领地很可能是种间竞争的结果。Orians和Willson（1964）特别评论说，当植被结构简单时，或者当物种适应利用复杂植被中相同的分层食物来源时，或者当其他物种已经在多样化的栖息地中利用类似的资源时，足以重叠领土的摄食习惯差异可能是不可能的。约翰逊（Johnson，1963）提出了一个基于地理物种形成过程的种间领域性起源假说。他指出，种间领地是否得到保卫取决于刺激领土防御的释放者。具有类似的声音和行为信号的物种领土占有不一定会在建立二次接触时，这些字符的分歧，即使他们的饮食习惯是足够不同的共存。Orians和Willson（1964：737）似乎不认为种间领地性偶然发生的可能性，因为他们观察到，为了保护领地不受其他物种个体的侵害，需要花费更多的时间和精力。然而，在这方面，
Cases of interspecific territoriality are uncommon among birds that hold multipurpose breeding territories where they feed, mate and nest. Various authors (e.g., Simmons, 1951; Johnson, 1963; Orians and Willson, 1964) have noted that interspecific territories are likely to be maintained as a result of interspecific competition. Orians and Willson (1964) specifically comment that divergence in feeding habits sufficient for overlapping territories may be impossible when either the structure of the vegetation is simple, or when species are adapted to exploit the same stratified food sources in complex vegetation, or when other species are already exploiting similar resources in a diversified habitat. Johnson (1963) has proposed a hypothetical scheme for the origin of interspecific territoriality which is based on the process of geographic speciation. He notes that whether or not interspecific territories are defended depends upon the releasers that stimulate territorial defense. Species having similar vocal and behavioral signals of territory possession would not necessarily be expected to diverge in these characters when establishing secondary contact, even if their feeding habits were sufficiently different for coexistence. Orians and Willson (1964:737) seem to dismiss the possibility of such a fortuitous occurrence of interspecific territoriality by observing that the defense of a territory against individuals of other species demands increased expenditure of time and energy. However,