Variability in suspended sediment concentration in the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, and implications for changes due to tidal power extraction
Variability in suspended sediment concentration in the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, and implications for changes due to tidal power extraction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.10.003
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Logan M. Ashall;R. Mulligan;B. Law
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Logan M. Ashall;R. Mulligan;B. Law
加拿大东部的芬迪湾拥有世界上最大的潮差超过16米，潮汐水流高达5ms−，使其成为在米纳斯海峡使用潮汐溪流中的能量转换设备提取潮汐能量的理想场所。利用2013年为期8天的船基和底部系泊传感器收集的现场观测数据，通过测量水位、水流剖面、波浪、悬浮泥沙通量和悬浮泥沙浓度剖面，验证了米纳斯盆地的三维水动力和泥沙输送模型。泥沙条件用双模泥沙分布图进行了初始化，该模型模拟了米纳斯盆地粘性和非粘性泥沙。对细颗粒悬浮泥沙浓度的模型结果在水平、垂直和时间上与观测值进行了比较，结果表明，在L−1的5~287亿mg范围内，悬沙浓度与模型数据具有很好的一致性。利用该模型，研究了在米纳斯航道内建设大型涡轮机农场的意义以及对米纳斯盆地内悬浮泥沙的影响。通过添加半透水结构来模拟农场，该结构使用流体动量方程中的能量损失项来参数化流体动力模型中的涡轮区域。研究结果强调了该系统对水流变化的敏感性，并表明一个大型潮汐能养殖场可以使整个流域的SSC平均减少37%，这将影响物理和生物过程，特别是在大潮盆周围的细粒潮间带地区。
The Bay of Fundy in eastern Canada has the world's largest tidal range of over 16 m with tidal currents up to 5 ms− 1making it an ideal place for tidal power extraction using tidal in-stream energy conversion devices in the Minas Passage. Field observations collected from ship-based and bottom-moored sensors over an 8-day period in 2013 are used to validate a 3D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model of the Minas Basin with measurements of water levels, current profiles, waves, suspended sediment fluxes and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) profiles. The sediment conditions are initialized using a bi-modal sediment distribution map and the model simulates both cohesive and non-cohesive sediments in the Minas Basin. Model results for fine-grained suspended sediment concentrations are compared horizontally, vertically, and temporally to observations and indicate strong data-model agreement for SSC from 5 to 287 mg L− 1. The implications of constructing a large-scale turbine farm within the Minas Passage and the impacts on suspended sediment within the Minas Basin are investigated using the model. The farm is simulated by adding semi-permeable structures that use an energy loss term in the fluid momentum equations to parameterize turbine regions in the hydrodynamic model. The results emphasize the sensitivity of the system to changes in flow and suggest that a large-scale tidal energy farm that extracts maximum power could reduce SSC by 37% on average across the basin which would influence physical and biological processes particularly on the fine-grained intertidal areas around the macrotidal basin.