Mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function.

Mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function.
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DOI:
10.1186/s13287-016-0363-7
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发表时间:
2016-08-31
影响因子:
7.5
通讯作者:
Gregory CA
Gregory CA
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Spees JL;Lee RH;Gregory CA

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在过去的十年中,为了更好地理解间充质干细胞(MSC)在损伤器官和组织的抢救和修复过程中的功能机制,研究出现了爆炸式增长。除了描述间充质干细胞分化的细胞-细胞信号传导和分子控制外,该领域还在定义其他几种机制方面取得了特别进展,通过这些机制,给予间充质干细胞可以促进组织救援/修复。这些包括:1)分泌蛋白质/多肽和激素的旁分泌活动;2)线粒体通过隧道纳米管或微泡的方式转移;3)外泌体或含有RNA和其他分子的微囊的转移。提高对间充质干细胞功能的理解,对细胞治疗的应用和再生医学中强大的细胞衍生疗法的发展有着巨大的希望。围绕这三种机制,我们讨论了msc介导的免疫细胞应答、细胞存活和纤维化的作用,并回顾了msc为基础或衍生的治疗方法的最新进展。
The past decade has seen an explosion of research directed toward better understanding of the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) function during rescue and repair of injured organs and tissues. In addition to delineating cell–cell signaling and molecular controls for MSC differentiation, the field has made particular progress in defining several other mechanisms through which administered MSCs can promote tissue rescue/repair. These include: 1) paracrine activity that involves secretion of proteins/peptides and hormones; 2) transfer of mitochondria by way of tunneling nanotubes or microvesicles; and 3) transfer of exosomes or microvesicles containing RNA and other molecules. Improved understanding of MSC function holds great promise for the application of cell therapy and also for the development of powerful cell-derived therapeutics for regenerative medicine. Focusing on these three mechanisms, we discuss MSC-mediated effects on immune cell responses, cell survival, and fibrosis and review recent progress with MSC-based or MSC-derived therapeutics.
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