Paternal indirect genetic effects on offspring viability and the benefits of polyandry
Paternal indirect genetic effects on offspring viability and the benefits of polyandry
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.054
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发表时间：
2007-01-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Simmons, Leigh W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia-Gonzalez, Francisco;Simmons, Leigh W.
尽管雌性被期望只通过一次或几次交配来获得最大的生殖成功[1]，但许多物种的雌性与多个伴侣交配[2]。实验研究发现，当雌性多雄交配时，卵子或胚胎的存活率会提高[3]。这些研究被解释在遗传效益模型的背景下，该模型提出多重交配提高后代存活率，因为它允许雌性选择直接影响生存能力的雄性基因类型，或者因为它允许雌性避免遗传不相容[2，4-8]。然而，还没有研究直接检验父母影响胚胎存活率的确切机制。利用一种形态标记，我们能够确定在精子竞争和非竞争情况下，单个雄性蟋蟀所繁殖的胚胎的父权和存活率，我们表明，诱导高胚胎活力的雄性能够提高劣质雄性所繁殖的胚胎的活力。这些结果表明，父本效应和相互作用的表型决定了胚胎的活力。他们表明，男性的生殖成功受到精子竞争者的间接遗传效应之间的相互作用的影响。重要的是，我们的发现表明，多次交配的雌性后代所获得的好处不需要通过基因传递。
Although females are expected to maximize their reproductive success with only one or a few matings [1], the females of many species mate with multiple partners [2]. Experimental studies have found evidence for an increase in egg or embryo viability when females mate polyandrously [3]. These studies have been interpreted in the context of genetic-benefit models that propose that multiple mating increases offspring viability because it allows females to select male genotypes that influence viability directly or because it allows females to avoid genetic incompatibility [2, 4-8]. However, no studies have examined directly the precise mechanisms by which parents influence embryo viability. Using a morphological marker that enabled us to determine paternity and survival of embryos sired by individual male crickets in both sperm-competitive and -noncompetitive situations, we show that males inducing high embryo viability enhance the viability of embryos sired by inferior males. These results indicate that paternal effects and interacting phenotypes determine embryo viability. They show that a male's reproductive success is modified by the interaction between indirect genetic effects of sperm competitors. Importantly, our findings show that the benefits accruing to offspring of multiply mated females need not be transmitted genetically.