Quantum gases in optical boxes
Quantum gases in optical boxes
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DOI：
10.1038/s41567-021-01403-z
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
N. Navon;Robert P. Smith;Z. Hadzibabic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Navon;Robert P. Smith;Z. Hadzibabic
量子原子和分子气体是研究基础多体物理的灵活系统。它们传统上是在谐波电磁阱中产生的，因此具有不均匀的密度，但最近在中性粒子光学捕获的光整形方面的进展导致了平底光学盒阱的发展，从而可以创建均匀的样品。盒子捕获简化了实验结果的解释，提供了与理论更直接的联系，在某些情况下，允许定性的新的，迄今为止不可能的实验。现在已经实现了玻色和费米原子气体在不同的维度，也为气体的异质性分子。在这里，我们回顾这些发展和随之而来的突破，在研究平衡和非平衡现象，如超流，湍流和相变动力学。
Quantum atomic and molecular gases are flexible systems for studies of fundamental many-body physics. They have traditionally been produced in harmonic electromagnetic traps and thus had inhomogeneous densities, but recent advances in light shaping for optical trapping of neutral particles have led to the development of flat-bottomed optical box traps, allowing the creation of homogeneous samples. Box trapping simplifies the interpretation of experimental results, provides more direct connections with theory and, in some cases, allows qualitatively new, hitherto impossible experiments. It has now been achieved for both Bose and Fermi atomic gases in various dimensionalities, and also for gases of heteronuclear molecules. Here we review these developments and the consequent breakthroughs in the study of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium phenomena such as superfluidity, turbulence and the dynamics of phase transitions.