Ambivalent patriotism: Jacob Aall and Dano‐Norwegian identity before 1814
Ambivalent patriotism: Jacob Aall and Dano‐Norwegian identity before 1814
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矛盾的爱国主义：雅各布·阿尔和 1814 年之前的达诺-挪威身份
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
Jens Johan Hyvik
中科院分区：
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作者：
J. Burgess;Jens Johan Hyvik
摘要。像许多挪威精英一样，雅各布·奥尔（1773-1844）生活在两个民族的身份之间-挪威和丹麦。一方面，他是丹麦王室的臣民，在丹麦接受欧洲知识和高雅文化的教育;另一方面，他是挪威忠诚的外省儿子，致力于建设祖国的政治和经济自治。本文通过对雅克布·奥尔对挪威民族概念理解的演变，考察了他生活和创作中民族认同的两面性。它指出，爱国主义的核心阿尔的理解现代性和未来的时代的挪威包含两个不同的，但同样必要的方面。一个是以民族浪漫主义文化归属感的持久情感为特征，另一个是对启蒙运动功利主义原则的学习承诺，这些原则赋予了挪威民族运动力量。从中世纪盛期早期到14世纪末，挪威与丹麦和瑞典结成政治联盟，是一个独立的政治单位。到了十六世纪，挪威已成为丹麦王国的一个省，在政治、经济和文化上都从属于丹麦。其书面语逐渐衰落，被丹麦语取代为文化、教育、财富和权力的语言。然而，与十八世纪末欧洲其他地方一样，挪威也开始了文化和政治觉醒的进程，同时挪威精英阶层也形成了独特的民族认同。这一进程在1807年丹麦-挪威卷入拿破仑战争后加速，并成为1814年形成自治国家和同年通过挪威宪法的重要背景。在参与这些政治变革的挪威人中，有一位名叫雅各布·奥尔（Jacob Aall）。雅各布·奥尔1773年出生于挪威的波尔斯格伦（Porsgrunn），是一位当地商人的儿子，出身于一个显赫而富裕的家庭。阿尔很有天赋
ABSTRACT. Like many Norwegian elite, Jacob Aall (1773–1844) lived between twonational identities – Norwegian and Danish. On the one hand, he was a subject of theDanish crown, educated in Denmark in the refinements of European knowledge andhigh culture; on the other he was a loyal provincial son of Norway, engaged in buildingthe political and economic autonomy of his homeland. This article examines the twosides of national identity in Jacob Aall’s life and work by focusing on the evolution inhis understanding ofthe concept ofthe Norwegian nation. Itargues that thepatriotismcentral to Aall’s understanding of modernity and the coming-to-age of Norwaycontains two disparate, but equally necessary sides. The one is characterised by anabiding sentiment of national romantic cultural belonging, the other is a learnedcommitment to the Enlightenment utilitarian principles that gave force to theNorwegian national movement. IntroductionFrom the early High Middle Ages until the end of the fourteenth century,when it entered into a political union with Denmark and Sweden, Norwaywas an independent political unit. By the sixteenth century Norway hadbecome a province of the Danish kingdom, politically, economically andculturally subordinated to Denmark. Its written language receded, replacedby Danish as the language of culture, education, wealth and power. However,like elsewhere in Europe in the late eighteenth century a process of culturaland political awakening tookhold in Norway, accompanied by the formation,among Norwegian elites, of a distinct national identity. This process acceler-ated after Denmark-Norway’s involvement in the Napoleonic wars in 1807,and was an important background for the formation of an autonomous statein 1814, and the adoption of a Norwegian constitution the same year. Amongthe instrumental Norwegians to take part in these political transformationswas Jacob Aall.Jacob Aall was born in Porsgrunn, Norway in 1773, the son of a localmerchant, and member of a prominent and well-to-do family. Aall was gifted