Understanding vulnerability for depression from a cognitive neuroscience perspective: A reappraisal of attentional factors and a new conceptual framework
Understanding vulnerability for depression from a cognitive neuroscience perspective: A reappraisal of attentional factors and a new conceptual framework
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DOI：
10.3758/cabn.10.1.50
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Koster, Ernst H. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Raedt, Rudi;Koster, Ernst H. W.
我们提出了一个框架，通过整合认知和神经生物学的发现，来理解反复发作后抑郁易感性的增加，将注意力过程和图式激活与负面情绪状态联系起来。抑郁症的特征是在信息处理的后期阶段出现与情绪一致的注意偏差。我们框架的基本思想是，由HPA轴控制的5-羟色胺代谢介导的前额叶区域活动减少，与皮质下区域的受损衰减有关，导致杏仁核对环境应激源的长期激活。前额叶控制在与抑郁产生的图式的相互作用中减少，导致对反思冥想等负面精加工过程施加注意抑制控制的能力受损，进而导致持续的负面情绪。这些精细加工过程是在与应激源对抗后，消极图式的激活所引发的。在我们的框架中，注意障碍被认为是解释抑郁发作后日益增加的脆弱性的关键过程，将认知和生物脆弱性因素联系起来。我们回顾了与注意力障碍相关的生物学因素的经验数据，并详细说明了它们与沉思和情绪调节的关系。我们框架的目的是促进翻译研究。
We propose a framework to understand increases in vulnerability for depression after recurrent episodes that links attention processes and schema activation to negative mood states, by integrating cognitive and neurobiological findings. Depression is characterized by a mood-congruent attentional bias at later stages of information processing. The basic idea of our framework is that decreased activity in prefrontal areas, mediated by the serotonin metabolism which the HPA axis controls, is associated with an impaired attenuation of subcortical regions, resulting in prolonged activation of the amygdala in response to stressors in the environment. Reduced prefrontal control in interaction with depressogenic schemas leads to impaired ability to exert attentional inhibitory control over negative elaborative processes such as rumination, leading in turn to sustained negative affect. These elaborative processes are triggered by the activation of negative schemas after confrontation with stressors. In our framework, attentional impairments are postulated as a crucial process in explaining the increasing vulnerability after depressive episodes, linking cognitive and biological vulnerability factors. We review the empirical data on the biological factors associated with the attentional impairments and detail how they are associated with rumination and mood regulation. The aim of our framework is to stimulate translational research.