Synaptic plasticity onto inhibitory neurons as a mechanism for ocular dominance plasticity
Synaptic plasticity onto inhibitory neurons as a mechanism for ocular dominance plasticity
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006834
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Clopath, Claudia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bono, Jacopo;Clopath, Claudia
眼优势可塑性是一个有据可查的现象，使我们能够研究皮质成熟的特性。理解这种成熟可能是解开大脑皮层回路功能的重要一步。然而，它仍然没有完全理解的机制是负责开放和关闭的关键时期的眼优势和皮层反应性的变化后，视觉剥夺。在这篇文章中，我们提出了眼优势可塑性的理论。根据最近的实验工作，我们提出了一个框架，其中减少抑制是必要的青少年和成年动物的眼优势可塑性。在这个框架中，两个成分是至关重要的，以观察眼优势的转变：一个足够的水平的抑制以及兴奋抑制突触可塑性。在我们的模型中，前者负责关键期的开放，而后者限制了成年动物的可塑性。最后，我们还提供了一个可能的解释的变化，在个别神经元中观察到的眼优势的变化和反直觉的变化对闭eye.Author摘要在大脑的发展过程中，视觉皮层有一个时期的可塑性增加。在此期间，闭上一只眼睛多日可能会对神经元反应产生深远的终身影响。一个公认的假设是，绝对水平的抑制调节这一时期。根据最近的实验结果，我们提出了另一种理论。我们认为，除了抑制水平，抑制性神经元的突触可塑性也同样重要。我们提出了一个模型，它解释了许多观察到的现象到一个单一的框架。与只考虑抑制水平的理论不同，我们可以解释这一时期的开始和结束。此外，我们还解释了一小部分神经元表现出反直觉行为，并提供了一些可测试的预测。
Ocular dominance plasticity is a well-documented phenomenon allowing us to study properties of cortical maturation. Understanding this maturation might be an important step towards unravelling how cortical circuits function. However, it is still not fully understood which mechanisms are responsible for the opening and closing of the critical period for ocular dominance and how changes in cortical responsiveness arise after visual deprivation. In this article, we present a theory of ocular dominance plasticity. Following recent experimental work, we propose a framework where a reduction in inhibition is necessary for ocular dominance plasticity in both juvenile and adult animals. In this framework, two ingredients are crucial to observe ocular dominance shifts: a sufficient level of inhibition as well as excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic plasticity. In our model, the former is responsible for the opening of the critical period, while the latter limits the plasticity in adult animals. Finally, we also provide a possible explanation for the variability in ocular dominance shifts observed in individual neurons and for the counter-intuitive shifts towards the closed eye.Author summary During the development of the brain, visual cortex has a period of increased plasticity. Closing one eye for multiple days during this period can have a profound and life-long impact on neuronal responses. A well-established hypothesis is that the absolute level of inhibition regulates this period. In light of recent experimental results, we suggest an alternative theory. We propose that, in addition to the level of inhibition, synaptic plasticity onto inhibitory neurons is just as crucial. We propose a model which explains many observed phenomena into one single framework. Unlike theories considering only the level of inhibition, we can account for both the onset as well as the closure of this period. Furthermore, we also provide an explanation for the small fraction of neurons that show counter-intuitive behaviour and provide some testable predictions.