Systematic mapping of global research on climate and health: a machine learning review.
Systematic mapping of global research on climate and health: a machine learning review.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00179-0
复制
发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dangour AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berrang-Ford L;Sietsma AJ;Callaghan M;Minx JC;Scheelbeek PFD;Haddaway NR;Haines A;Dangour AD
关于气候变化与人类健康之间联系的全球文献数量庞大，呈指数级增长，使用传统的系统证据绘图方法进行整理和综合已不再可行。我们的目标是使用机器学习方法系统地综合气候变化和人类健康的证据基础。我们使用监督机器学习和其他自然语言处理方法（主题建模和地理解析）系统地识别和映射2013年1月1日至2020年4月9日期间发表的关于气候变化和健康的科学文献。仅纳入英文索引的文献。我们仅使用标题、摘要和关键词检索Web of Science Core Collection、Scopus和PubMed。我们搜索了既包含健康成分又明确提到气候变化、气候变率或与气候变化相关的天气现象的论文。我们根据气候研究、气候驱动因素、健康影响、日期和地理等领域对相关出版物进行了分类。我们使用监督和无监督机器学习来识别和分类气候和健康领域的相关文章，其输出包括证据热图，地理地图和气候健康相关出版物趋势的叙述性综合。我们纳入了任何研究设计的经验文献，这些文献报告了与气候影响、缓解或适应相关的健康途径。我们预测，在2013年至2019年期间，有15963项气候与健康领域的研究发表。气候健康文献以影响研究为主，缓解和适应对策及其共同利益和共同风险仍然是利基主题。空气质量和热应激是最常被研究的暴露，全因死亡率和传染病发病率是最常被研究的健康结果。季节性、极端天气事件、高温和天气变化是最常被研究的与气候有关的灾害。我们发现，气候健康研究在心理健康、营养不良和妇幼健康方面的证据存在重大差距。从地理上看，证据基础主要是来自高收入国家和中国的研究，来自低收入国家的证据很少，这些国家往往遭受气候变化的健康后果。我们的研究结果表明，在大文献时代，使用自动化机器学习来全面绘制气候变化和人类健康科学的重要性和可行性。这些可以为全球气候和健康评估提供关键投入。关于气候变化应对办法的证据不足令人关切，可能严重妨碍设计以证据为基础的途径，以减少气候变化对健康的影响。在2015年后的气候解决方案巴黎协定时代，我们认为应更加关注气候适应和减缓方案及其对人类健康的影响。外交、联邦和发展事务部。
The global literature on the links between climate change and human health is large, increasing exponentially, and it is no longer feasible to collate and synthesise using traditional systematic evidence mapping approaches. We aimed to use machine learning methods to systematically synthesise an evidence base on climate change and human health. We used supervised machine learning and other natural language processing methods (topic modelling and geoparsing) to systematically identify and map the scientific literature on climate change and health published between Jan 1, 2013, and April 9, 2020. Only literature indexed in English were included. We searched Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed using title, abstract, and keywords only. We searched for papers including both a health component and an explicit mention of either climate change, climate variability, or climate change-relevant weather phenomena. We classified relevant publications according to the fields of climate research, climate drivers, health impact, date, and geography. We used supervised and unsupervised machine learning to identify and classify relevant articles in the field of climate and health, with outputs including evidence heat maps, geographical maps, and narrative synthesis of trends in climate health-related publications. We included empirical literature of any study design that reported on health pathways associated with climate impacts, mitigation, or adaptation. We predict that there are 15 963 studies in the field of climate and health published between 2013 and 2019. Climate health literature is dominated by impact studies, with mitigation and adaptation responses and their co-benefits and co-risks remaining niche topics. Air quality and heat stress are the most frequently studied exposures, with all-cause mortality and infectious disease incidence being the most frequently studied health outcomes. Seasonality, extreme weather events, heat, and weather variability are the most frequently studied climate-related hazards. We found major gaps in evidence on climate health research for mental health, undernutrition, and maternal and child health. Geographically, the evidence base is dominated by studies from high-income countries and China, with scant evidence from low-income counties, which often suffer most from the health consequences of climate change. Our findings show the importance and feasibility of using automated machine learning to comprehensively map the science on climate change and human health in the age of big literature. These can provide key inputs into global climate and health assessments. The scant evidence on climate change response options is concerning and could significantly hamper the design of evidence-based pathways to reduce the effects on health of climate change. In the post-2015 Paris Agreement era of climate solutions, we believe much more attention should be given to climate adaptation and mitigation options and their effects on human health. Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.