An integrated ecotoxicological approach to assess the effects of pollutants released by unexploded chemical ordnance dumped in the southern Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea)
An integrated ecotoxicological approach to assess the effects of pollutants released by unexploded chemical ordnance dumped in the southern Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00227-005-0216-x
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Tursi, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amato, E;Alcaro, L;Tursi, A
为了初步了解海底生锈的炸弹泄漏的化学战剂和其他污染物对海洋生态系统的威胁，在亚得里亚海南部的一个倾倒区（深度200 - 300米）进行了案例研究。在电声和磁测法调查后，采用了综合生态毒理学方法。该方法基于对沉积物和生物体中CWA残留物及其代谢物（包括砷）的分析，以及包括健康评估指数、组织学病变分析和酶分析在内的多标记方法。选取了黑腹玫瑰鱼[Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809)]和欧洲长尾鱼（conger conger L., 1758）两个前哨种。沉积物分析显示存在CWA降解产物，包括1-4-硫氧烷和1-4-二硫烷。来自化学工程倾倒地点的鱼组织显示出比参考地点更高的砷含量。在鱼类组织中均未检测到CWAs及其代谢物。黑腹玫瑰鱼的砷含量远高于亚得里亚海南部其他鱼类的砷含量，远高于美国食品药品监督管理局对食品的限制（2.6 mg kg(-1)），接近哺乳动物的LD50 （20 mg kg（-1）体重）。两种物种的病理病变和EROD活性也证实了CWA排土场污染物的存在，比参考地点的鱼高2 - 3倍(黑腹玫瑰鱼为16.45 +/- 8.08和8.05 +/- 5.87 pmol min(-1) mg蛋白（-1），欧洲长尾鱼为269 +/- 24.92和78.71 pmol min（-1) mg蛋白（-1））。两种鱼的肌肉胆碱酯酶活性似乎未受影响，而大脑胆碱酯酶活性是参考点记录的鱼的三分之一(分别为14.22 +/- 10.05和72.87 nmol min（-1) mg protein(-1)）。说明乙酰胆碱酯酶对CWAs敏感。综上所述，所调查的化学和生物学参数的一致性表明，采用综合生态毒理学方法来揭示CWAs在海洋生态系统中的存在及其生物学效应是合适的。
In order to gain preliminary knowledge about the threat to marine ecosystems due to leakage of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and other pollutants from rusting bombshells on the seabed, a case study was conducted in a dumping area in the southern Adriatic Sea ( depth 200 - 300 m). Following electroacoustic and magnetometric surveys of the CWA dumping area, an integrated ecotoxicological approach was used. This approach was based on analysis of CWA residues and their metabolites, including arsenic, in sediment and organisms, as well as multimarker methodology including the Health Assessment Index, histological lesion analysis and enzyme assays. Two sentinel species were selected, the blackbelly rosefish [Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809)] and the European conger ( Conger conger L., 1758). Sediment analysis revealed the presence of CWA degradation products, including 1-4-thioxane and 1-4-dithiane. Tissues of fish from the CWA dumping site showed higher levels of arsenic than those from the reference site. Neither CWAs nor their metabolites were detected in fish tissues. Arsenic levels recorded in blackbelly rosefish were well above those reported for other fish species from the southern Adriatic, much higher than the FDA limit for food (2.6 mg kg(-1)) and close to the LD50 calculated for mammals ( 20 mg kg(-1) body weight). The presence of pollutants in the CWA dumping site was also confirmed by pathological lesions in both species and EROD activity, two to three times higher than in fish from the reference site (16.45 +/- 8.08 and 8.05 +/- 5.87 pmol min(-1) mg protein(-1) in blackbelly rosefish and 269 +/- 24.92 and 78.71 pmol min(-1) mg protein(-1) in European conger, respectively). Cholinesterase activity seemed unaffected in muscle of both species, whereas in brain they were one-third of those recorded in fish from the reference site (14.22 +/- 10.05 and 72.87 nmol min(-1) mg protein(-1), respectively). This suggests that acetylcholinesterase is sensitive to CWAs. In conclusion, the agreement of all the chemical and biological parameters investigated suggests that the integrated ecotoxicological approach used is appropriate to reveal the presence and biological effects of CWAs in the marine ecosystem.