Fly immunity: recognition of pathogens and induction of immune responses.
Fly immunity: recognition of pathogens and induction of immune responses.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_11
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Kurata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Kurata
尽管缺乏基于基因重排的适应性免疫，如KLJKHU YHUWHEUDWHV flLHV DUH DEOH WR GHIHQG WKHPVHOYHV IURP D ZLGH DUUD\RI SDWKRJHQV使用多种先天免疫反应，其分子机制与其他多细胞生物（包括人类）的先天免疫反应惊人地相似。入侵病原体通过上皮屏障，fiUVW OLQH RI VHOI GHIHQVH DUH GHWHFWHG E\SDWWHUQ UHFRJQLWLRQ UHFHSWRUV WKDW LGHQWLI\病原体相关分子模式存在于淋巴或免疫细胞表面，并被体液和细胞反应消除。一些病原体通过侵入宿主细胞质来逃避在血淋巴中的识别和消除。然而，其中一些细胞内病原体，如单核增生李斯特菌DUH LGHQWLfiHG，通过细胞质中的模式识别受体被细胞内反应消除，包括自噬，一种细胞内降解系统。虽然这些模式识别受体中的一些在种系中作为蛋白家族编码，但DQRWKHU W\SH RI UHFHSWRU LQ WKH LPPXQRJOREXOLQ VXSHUIDPLO\LV H [WHQVLYHO\GLYHUVLfiHG通过选择性剪接在果蝇体细胞免疫细胞中表达。
Despite the lack of adaptive immunity based on gene rearrangement such as that in KLJKHU YHUWHEUDWHV flLHV DUH DEOH WR GHIHQG WKHPVHOYHV IURP D ZLGH DUUD\RI SDWKRJHQV using multiple innate immune responses whose molecular mechanisms are strikingly similar to those of the innate immune responses of other multicellular organisms, including humans. Invading pathogens passing through the epithelial barriers, the fiUVW OLQH RI VHOI GHIHQVH DUH GHWHFWHG E\SDWWHUQ UHFRJQLWLRQ UHFHSWRUV WKDW LGHQWLI\pathogen-associated molecular patterns in the hemolymph or on the immune cell surface and are eliminated by humoral and cellular responses. Some pathogens escape recognition and elimination in the hemolymph by invading the host cell cytoplasm. Some of these intracellular pathogens, however, such asListeria monocytogenes DUH LGHQWLfiHG by pattern recognition receptors in the cytoplasm and are eliminated by intracellular responses, including autophagy, an intracellular degradation system. Although some of these pattern recognition receptors are encoded in the germ-line as protein families, DQRWKHU W\SH RI UHFHSWRU LQ WKH LPPXQRJOREXOLQ VXSHUIDPLO\LV H [WHQVLYHO\GLYHUVLfiHG by alternative splicing in somatic immune cells in Drosophila.