Uncovering information needs for independent spatial learning for users who are visually impaired
Uncovering information needs for independent spatial learning for users who are visually impaired
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发现视障用户独立空间学习的信息需求
DOI：
10.1145/2513383.2513445
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Dey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nikola Banovic;Rachel L. Franz;K. Truong;Jennifer Mankoff;A. Dey
有视力的人通常通过视觉观察对周围环境有重要的了解。相比之下，视力受损的人大多是通过与他们明确相关的信息获得关于他们所处环境的这种知识。这篇白皮书考察了视障人士用来了解他们的环境和相关挑战的实践。在我们的两项研究中的第一项，我们揭示了掌握和导航环境所需的四种信息。我们详细介绍了个体的环境如何影响他们学习这些信息的能力，并概述了独立空间学习的要求。在第二项研究中，我们探索了个体如何了解他们所处环境中的场所和活动。我们的发现表明，用户学习信息不仅是为了满足他们当前的需求，也是为了创造未来的机会--这是现有技术不完全支持的。从这些发现，我们讨论了未来的研究和设计机会，以帮助视障人士的独立空间学习。
Sighted individuals often develop significant knowledge about their environment through what they can visually observe. In contrast, individuals who are visually impaired mostly acquire such knowledge about their environment through information that is explicitly related to them. This paper examines the practices that visually impaired individuals use to learn about their environments and the associated challenges. In the first of our two studies, we uncover four types of information needed to master and navigate the environment. We detail how individuals' context impacts their ability to learn this information, and outline requirements for independent spatial learning. In a second study, we explore how individuals learn about places and activities in their environment. Our findings show that users not only learn information to satisfy their immediate needs, but also to enable future opportunities -- something existing technologies do not fully support. From these findings, we discuss future research and design opportunities to assist the visually impaired in independent spatial learning.