Plasticity in animal personality traits: does prior experience alter the degree of boldness?
Plasticity in animal personality traits: does prior experience alter the degree of boldness?
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2006.3751
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发表时间：
2007-02-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Sneddon, Lynne U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frost, Ashley J.;Winrow-Giffen, Alexandria;Sneddon, Lynne U.
理论家们预测，如果动物的“个性”特征在不同的环境中固定下来，它们可能会适应不良，所以目前的研究旨在测试这些特征是固定的还是可塑的。虹鳟鱼（Onchorhyncus mykiss）被给予大胆或消极的经历，观察大胆或害羞的个体对新奇事物的反应，或赢或输的战斗，以检查先前的经历是否影响大胆。勇敢的人在打架失败或观看害羞的示威者时，会通过增加他们接近新物体的延迟时间而变得更加害羞，而害羞的观察者观看大胆的示威者时则保持谨慎，不会改变他们对新事物的反应。害羞的赢家变得更大胆，并减少了接近新物体的等待时间，但害羞的失败者也表现出这种转变。相比之下，对照组的行为没有变化。大胆的鱼被给予消极的经历会降低它们的大胆程度，这可能是一种适应性反应；然而，害羞的鱼可能会根据对自己相对竞争能力的自我评估来做出战略决策，并在更快获得资源以确保比更好的竞争对手更强的情况下增加他们的勇气。
Theoreticians predict that animal 'personality' traits may be maladaptive if fixed throughout different contexts, so the present study aimed to test whether these traits are fixed or plastic. Rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) were given emboldening or negative experiences in the forms of watching bold or shy individuals responding to novelty or winning or losing fights to examine whether prior experience affected boldness. Bold individuals that lost fights or watched shy demonstrators became more shy by increasing their latency to approach a novel object, whereas shy observers that watched bold demonstrators remained cautious and did not modify their responses to novelty. Shy winners became bolder and decreased their latency to approach a novel object, but shy losers also displayed this shift. In comparison, control groups showed no change in behaviour. Bold fishes given negative experiences reduced their boldness which may be an adaptive response; however, shy fishes may base their strategic decisions upon self-assessment of their relative competitive ability and increase their boldness in situations where getting to resources more quickly ensures they outcompete better competitors.