Reflections on Basic Science Studies Involving Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation.
Reflections on Basic Science Studies Involving Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation.
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DOI：
10.1097/hp.0000000000000937
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Woloschak G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paunesku T;Woloschak G
作为一个研究领域，低剂量辐射对健康影响的调查自诞生以来就充满了困难。在本文件中，我们将使用 100 mGy 作为低剂量辐射的截止上限，借用美国能源部的这一定义，尽管其他机构和研究人员有时会在同一标题下使用高达五倍的剂量。这一研究领域的困难通常归因于这样一个事实：低剂量辐射的影响是微妙的，很难与过多的其他低强度应力区分开来。因此，例如，大多数流行病学研究包括数十万个样本，并生成只有在数百或数千人的规模上考虑时才具有统计意义的风险估计。纠正低剂量研究情况的一个合乎逻辑的方法是对数百只动物进行严格控制的动物研究；然而，即使在完成许多此类研究之后，我们对低剂量辐射暴露风险的生物学基础的理解仍然不是结论性的。在本文中，我们认为问题在于我们的动物研究方法并不全面，而且在概念上是二元的。虽然一些研究人员将流行病学模型应用于动物数据，但其他研究人员仅研究分子和细胞生物学。很少有研究来弥补这一差距，并考虑如何将 DNA 损伤的现实模型整合到辐射致癌的现实模型中。
Investigation of health effects of low doses of radiation as a field of study has been riddled with difficulties since its inception. In this document we will use 100 mGy as the cutoff upper limit for low-dose radiation, borrowing this definition from the US Department of Energy, although other agencies and researchers sometimes include up to five‐fold higher doses under the same title. Difficulties in this area of research are most often ascribed to the fact that effects of low doses of radiation are subtle and difficult to distinguish from the plethora of other low-grade stresses. Thus, for example, most epidemiological studies include hundreds of thousands of samples and generate risk estimates that are statistically meaningful only when they are considered on a scale of hundreds or thousands of people. A logical approach to remedy the situation for low-dose research was to conduct well-controlled animal studies with hundreds of animals; nevertheless, even after many such studies were completed, our understanding of the biological basis for risk from low-dose radiation exposure is still not conclusive. In this paper we argue that the problem lies in the fact that our approach to animal studies is not comprehensive but conceptually binary. While some researchers apply epidemiological models to animal data, others look into molecular and cellular biology only. Very few studies are conducted to bridge this gap and consider how a realistic model of DNA damage could be integrated into a realistic model of radiation carcinogenesis.