Relationships between health outcomes in older populations and urban green infrastructure size, quality and proximity
Relationships between health outcomes in older populations and urban green infrastructure size, quality and proximity
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-020-08762-x
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发表时间：
2020-05-06
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Lindley, Sarah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dennis, Matthew;Cook, Penny A.;Lindley, Sarah J.
有越来越多的文献支持自然环境和更好的健康之间的积极联系。住家附近的绿色和蓝色空间（“绿色空间”）的类型、质量和数量对移动的较少的人口，例如对一些老年人可能特别重要。然而，考虑到测量和定义的绿色空间，超越单一的综合指标，是罕见的。这构成了目前对自然环境所产生的公共卫生效益的理解的不确定性的一个主要来源。我们的目的是提高我们的理解，这样的好处是如何赋予不同的人口群体，通过全面评估的物理和空间特征的城市绿色infrastructure.MethodsWe采用了绿色基础设施（GI）的方法相结合的高分辨率空间数据集的土地覆盖和功能与区域一级的人口和社会经济数据。这使得一个人口稠密，多中心的城市地区的全面表征。我们产生了多个GI属性，包括例如城市植被健康。我们使用了一系列的逐步多层次回归分析，以测试人口慢性病发病率和功能，身体和空间组成部分的GI在城市的社会人口gradient.ResultsGI属性之间的关联表明与健康的所有社会人口背景下，即使健康和整体绿色覆盖之间的关联是不显着的。协会因城市社会人口群体而异。对于具有较高比例的老年人（“老年人社区”）的地区，具有更好的健康协会展出的土地覆盖多样性，非正式的绿化和补丁大小在高收入地区和接近公共公园和娱乐用地在低收入地区。在低收入和低GI覆盖率地区，GI质量是良好健康的重要预测因素。邻近的公共访问GI也显着。ConclusionsThe影响城市GI对人口健康是介导的绿地形式，数量，可达性和植被健康。城市居民区的特点是低收入和老年人口不成比例的健康，如果他们的社区有方便，优质的公共绿地。这对减少健康不平等和为国际倡议提供信息的战略产生了影响，例如世界卫生组织的卫生友好城市方案。
BackgroundThere is a growing body of literature supporting positive associations between natural environments and better health. The type, quality and quantity of green and blue space ('green-space') in proximity to the home might be particularly important for less mobile populations, such as for some older people. However, considerations of measurement and definition of green-space, beyond single aggregated metrics, are rare. This constitutes a major source of uncertainty in current understanding of public health benefits derived from natural environments. We aimed to improve our understanding of how such benefits are conferred to different demographic groups through a comprehensive evaluation of the physical and spatial characteristics of urban green infrastructure.MethodsWe employed a green infrastructure (GI) approach combining a high-resolution spatial dataset of land-cover and function with area-level demographic and socio-economic data. This allowed for a comprehensive characterization of a densely populated, polycentric city-region. We produced multiple GI attributes including, for example, urban vegetation health. We used a series of step-wise multi-level regression analyses to test associations between population chronic morbidity and the functional, physical and spatial components of GI across an urban socio-demographic gradient.ResultsGI attributes demonstrated associations with health in all socio-demographic contexts even where associations between health and overall green cover were non-significant. Associations varied by urban socio-demographic group. For areas characterised by having higher proportions of older people ('older neighbourhoods'), associations with better health were exhibited by land-cover diversity, informal greenery and patch size in high income areas and by proximity to public parks and recreation land in low income areas. Quality of GI was a significant predictor of good health in areas of low income and low GI cover. Proximity of publicly accessible GI was also significant.ConclusionsThe influence of urban GI on population health is mediated by green-space form, quantity, accessibility, and vegetation health. People in urban neighbourhoods that are characterised by lower income and older age populations are disproportionately healthy if their neighbourhoods contain accessible, good quality public green-space. This has implications for strategies to decrease health inequalities and inform international initiatives, such as the World Health Organisation's Age-Friendly Cities programme.