In vitro biotransformation of surfactants in fish.: Part 1:: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (C12-LAS) and alcohol ethoxylate (C13EO8)
In vitro biotransformation of surfactants in fish.: Part 1:: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (C12-LAS) and alcohol ethoxylate (C13EO8)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.02.019
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Cravedi, Jean-Pierre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dyer, Scott D.;Bernhard, Mary Jo;Cravedi, Jean-Pierre
开展监管活动（例如，REACH，[DGEE，2003年。企业和环境总局。欧盟化学品法规REACH。DG Enterprise，布鲁塞尔，比利时。(http：//www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/reach/index_en.htm）]）将需要对数千种化学品的生物累积性进行评估。此外，减少、改进或取代动物试验的压力越来越大。鉴于这种情况，迫切需要评估体外系统的可行性，以便为生物累积性估计提供有用的数据。对亚细胞和细胞肝系统进行了测试，以确定两种表面活性剂的生物转化：C12-2-LAS（2-苯基十二烷对磺酸盐）和醇乙氧基化物C13 EO 8（八甘醇单十三烷基醚）。所测试的亚细胞系统是来自普通鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）和虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的肝匀浆和微粒体。细胞系统由鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）的原代肝细胞和荒漠topminnow（Poeciliopsis lucida）的PLHC-1细胞、肝癌细胞组成。将所有体外系统暴露于放射性标记的供试化合物，并使用液体闪烁和薄层色谱法测定生物转化。一级动力学被用来估计生物转化率。采用体外至体内代谢率外推模型预测试验材料在鱼类中的生物富集度，该模型与通常用于预测鱼类生物累积性的质量平衡模型相关联。每种表面活性剂的亚细胞生物转化率在微粒体中最大。细胞损失率超过亚细胞损失率，导致预测的生物浓缩系数值较低。预测的生物浓缩系数与几种鱼类的测量值非常吻合，验证了体外系统在通过纳入生物转化率来提炼仅以Kow为基础的生物浓缩系数方面的实用性。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Developing regulatory activities (e.g., REACh, [DGEE, 2003. Directorates General Enterprise and Environment. The new EU chemicals legislation REACH. DG Enterprise, Brussels, Belgium. (http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/reach/index_en.htm)]) will require bioaccumulation to be assessed for thousands of chemicals. Further, there is increasing pressure to reduce, refine or replace animal tests. Given this scenario, there is an urgent need to evaluate the feasibility of in vitro systems to supply data useful for bioaccumulation estimation. Subcellular and cellular hepatic systems were tested to determine the biotransformation of two surfactants: C12-2-LAS (2-phenyl dodecane p-sulfonate) and an alcohol ethoxylate C13EO8 (Octaethylene glycol monotridecyl ether). The subcellular systems tested were liver homogenates and microsomes from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Cellular systems consisted of primary hepatocytes from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and PLHC-1 cells, hepatocarcinoma cells from the desert topminnow (Poeciliopsis lucida). All in vitro systems were exposed to radiolabeled test compounds and assayed for biotransformation using liquid scintillation and thin layer chromatographic methods. First-order kinetics were used to estimate rates of biotransformation. Bioconcentration of test materials in fish were predicted using an in vitro to in vivo metabolic rate extrapolation model linked to a mass-balance model commonly used to predict bioaccumulation in fish. Subcellular biotransformation rates for each of the surfactants were greatest with microsomes. Cellular loss rates exceeded subcellular rates, leading to lower predicted BCF values. Predicted BCFs corresponded closely to measured values in several fish species, verifying the utility of in vitro systems in refining Kow-only-based BCFs via the inclusion of biotransformation rates. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.