Alcohol and social behavior I: The psychology of drunken excess.
Alcohol and social behavior I: The psychology of drunken excess.
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酒精与社会行为 I：醉酒过度的心理学。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.48.1.18
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Southwick,L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steele,CM;Southwick,L
很明显，饮酒对社会行为有重要影响，比如增加攻击性、自我表露、性冒险等等。研究表明，这些影响可能源于我们对酒精影响的看法。对于酒精本身是如何影响这些行为的，我们知之甚少。一种认知解释已经开始出现，即酒精损害了抑制反应冲动所需的信息处理，即预测反应的负面后果、回忆抑制标准等能力。我们假设，当一个社会反应受到抑制和刺激的双重压力时，酒精损伤会使这个社会反应更加极端或过度——用我们的术语来说，当它处于抑制反应冲突时。在这种情况下，酒精对抑制过程的损害使刺激压力对反应产生更大的影响，增加了反应的极端性。在目前的荟萃分析中，每个已发表的酒精对社会或社会重要行为的影响的测试都被评估（由独立的法官验证），以确定它是处于高抑制冲突还是低抑制冲突之下。在低冲突测试中，醉酒受试者的极端行为只比清醒对照组高出十分之一标准差，而在高冲突测试中，他们的极端行为高出整整一个标准差。冲突的影响随着酒精剂量的增加而增加，被证明不受饮酒预期的调节，并且在本分析中包含的34项研究和12种社会行为中几乎没有例外。
Drinking alcohol clearly has important effect on social behaviors, such as increasing aggression, self-disclosure, sexual adventuresomeness, and so on. Research has shown that these effects can stem from beliefs we hold about alcohol effects. Less is known about how alcohol itself affects these behaviors. A cognitive explanation, that alcohol impairs the information processing needed to inhibit response impulses—the abilities to foresee negative consequences of the response, to recall inhibiting standards, and so on—has begun to emerge. We hypothesize that alcohol impairment will make a social response more extreme or excessive when the response is pressured by both inhibiting and instigating cues—in our terms, when it is under inhibitory response conflict. In that case, alcohol's damage to inhibitory processing allows instigating pressures more sway over the response, increasing its extremeness. In the present meta-analysis, each published test of alcohol's effect on a social, or socially significant behavior was rated (validated against independent judges) as to whether it was under high or low inhibitory conflict. Over low-conflict tests, intoxicated subjects behaved only a tenth of a standard deviation more extremely than their sober controls, whereas over high-conflict tests they were a full standard deviation more extreme. The effect of conflict increased with alcohol dosage, was shown not to be mediated by drinking expectancies, and generalized with few exceptions across the 34 studies and 12 social behaviors included in this analysis.