High formation of trichloroacetic acid from high molecular weight and ultra-hydrophilic components in freshwater raphidophytes upon chlorination
High formation of trichloroacetic acid from high molecular weight and ultra-hydrophilic components in freshwater raphidophytes upon chlorination
复制标题
氯化后淡水针藻中的高分子量和超亲水成分大量形成三氯乙酸
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163000
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Itoh S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tada Y.;Kosaka K.;Echigo S.;Itoh S
针藻是一种鞭毛单细胞藻类，会导致饮用水源中藻类大量繁殖。在日本，最近有报道称，当水源水中含有针藻时，饮用水中主要的氯化消毒副产物（DBP）三氯乙酸（TCAA）的浓度急剧增加。此外，针叶植物产生高浓度的卤乙酸 (HAA) 前体，尤其是 TCAA 前体。然而，它们的特性仍然未知，因此尚未建立针对 DBP 形成的精心设计的对策。因此，在本研究中，HAA前体源自从室生水坝（日本奈良县）藻华中收集的天然水中的针藻和实验室培养的针藻物种Gonyostomum semen（G.semen），并对其进行了表征，为建立合适的处理策略提供信息。使用多种高效液相色谱柱、固相萃取柱和超滤装置以及光谱曲线，我们发现HAA前体是具有酸性和酚类官能团的高亲水性和高分子量化合物。来自 G 的高分子量级分 (> 3 kDa) 的进一步表征。精液培养表明，HAA 前体的分子量约为 10-60 kDa，尽管含有大量氮原子，但它们不是蛋白质分子。此外，该馏分的 TCAAFP (310 ± 25 μg/mg C) 与苯酚一样高，被称为反应性 TCAA 模型前体。确认了独特且未报告的 DBP 前体的存在。
Raphidophytes are flagellate unicellular algae that causes algal blooms in drinking water sources. In Japan, it was recently reported that the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), a major chlorinated disinfection byproduct (DBP), increased dramatically in drinking water when the source water contained raphidophytes. Additionally, raphidophytes produced haloacetic acid (HAA) precursors, especially TCAA precursors, in high concentrations. However, their properties are still unknown, and thus, well-designed countermeasures against DBP formation have not yet been established. Therefore, in this study, the HAA precursors originated from raphidophytes in natural water collected from the algal blooms in Muro Dam (Nara Prefecture, Japan) andGonyostomum semen(G. semen), a raphidophyte species, cultivated in the laboratory, were characterized to provide the information for establishing suitable treatment strategies. Using several high-performance liquid chromatography columns, solid-phase extraction cartridges, and ultrafiltration devices, and the spectral profiles, we discovered that the HAA precursors are highly hydrophilic and high-molecular-weight compounds with acidic and phenolic functional groups. Further characterization of the high-molecular-weight fraction (> 3 kDa) from theG. semenculture showed that the HAA precursors had a molecular weight of ~10–60 kDa, and that they were not protein molecules despite containing a large amount of nitrogen atoms. Furthermore, the TCAAFP of the fraction (310 ± 25 μg/mg C) were as high as phenol, known as a reactive TCAA model precursor. The presence of unique and unreported DBP precursors was confirmed.