A view of the transformation of Rwanda's highland through the lens of gender: A mixed-method study about unequal dependents on a mountain system and their well-being
A view of the transformation of Rwanda's highland through the lens of gender: A mixed-method study about unequal dependents on a mountain system and their well-being
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.05.001
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Birachi, Eliud
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bigler, Christine;Amacker, Michele;Birachi, Eliud
山脉系统的变化是复杂的。然而，变革所需的行动并不总是被认为是性别偏见。卢旺达高地正在经历迅速的环境和社会经济转型。卢旺达政府正在推动经济和社会转型议程，推行新自由主义和性别主流化的农业政策。本文件的主要目的是提供一个注重性别的卢旺达高地的环境和社会经济转型及其对居民的福祉和性别平等的影响。采用了混合方法设计，涉及从家庭调查的定量数据。共访问了560户居民。此外，对参与正在进行的改革的不同利益攸关方进行了47次定性访谈。这项研究表明，所有三个转变都在发生，但社会转变，特别是在家庭一级执行将性别观点纳入主流的政策和法律，进展最缓慢，面临的障碍最大。妇女为家庭财富和福祉贡献了大量的时间和劳动，但她们的贡献与作为家庭成员所获得的收益不相称。这项研究强调，即使有性别平等主流化的政策，这些正在进行的环境和社会经济变革并没有缩小性别差距。面临的挑战是确定替代途径，宣传两性平等的好处，特别是在基层。此外，创收活动必须多样化，这就需要从农业部门转向投资教育和培训。注重性别平等的可持续发展道路可以为妇女和男子以及女孩和男孩提供机会和新的可能性。
Transformations of a mountain system are complex. However, the actions needed for the transformations are not always recognized as being gender biased. The Rwandan highlands are undergoing a rapid environmental and social-economic transformation. The government of Rwanda is pushing an economic and social transformation agenda with neoliberal and gender-mainstreamed agricultural policies. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a gendered focus on the environmental and socioeconomic transformation of the Rwandan highlands and the impact of the transformation on the well-being and gender equality of its inhabitants. A mixed-methods design was used that involved quantitative data from a household survey. A total of 560 households were interviewed. Additionally, 47 qualitative interviews of different stakeholders involved in the ongoing transformations were completed. This study shows that all three transformations are occurring, but social transformation, especially the implementation of the gender-mainstreamed policies and laws on household level, is happening most slowly and faces the greatest obstacles. Women contribute considerable time and labour to household wealth and well-being, but their contributions are not matched by what they gain as household member. This study highlights that even with gender equal mainstreamed polices, these ongoing environmental and social-economic transformations have not closed the gender gap. The challenge is to identify alternative pathways and to promote the merits of gender equality, especially at the grassroots level. Moreover, diversification in income-generating activities is necessary, which requires a shift away from the agricultural sector to investment into education and training. A sustainable development pathway with a focus on gender equality could provide opportunities and new possibilities for both women and men, as well as for girls and boys.