Some Implications of High Biodiversity for Management of Tropical Marine Ecosystems—An Australian Perspective
Some Implications of High Biodiversity for Management of Tropical Marine Ecosystems—An Australian Perspective
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高生物多样性对热带海洋生态系统管理的一些影响——澳大利亚的视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Hutchings
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Kenchington;P. Hutchings
虽然热带地区的高生物多样性已被广泛报道，但我们认为，在现实中，总的生物多样性有相当大的低估。我们集中在澳大利亚的热带地区和珊瑚三角区。最著名的群体是珊瑚，鱼类和商业上重要的无脊椎动物。在考虑这是否是真的，我们集中在底栖生物群落和水柱群落的多样性，这是鲜为人知的。然而，在食物链的底部，这些社区是高度动态的，容易受到人类活动的影响，这些变化是随着这个人口稠密地区的快速发展而发生的。气候变化、海洋状况、沿海开发增加、过度捕捞和水质差等因素的协同作用，使热带生物多样性受到越来越大的压力，导致珊瑚白化、生境和相关动物的丧失。珊瑚礁上的这些变化得到了大量的研究关注;相比之下，关于珊瑚礁间区域和水柱群落的数据有限，对所有这些生境的生态相互联系的了解有限。虽然在这一地区，海洋保护区的覆盖面越来越大，但主要重点是珊瑚礁和其他基于代孕的栖息地，几乎没有地面实况调查。在这一区域内，对更广泛的非商业性底栖和中上层生物群落的结构和生态缺乏了解，但纠正这种情况的能力或意愿有限。我们认为，这种知识的缺乏和有限的专业知识可能在整个热带地区普遍存在，并损害了我们理解和预测随着人类活动对这些热带生态系统的影响越来越大而发生的变化的能力。
While high biodiversity has been widely reported from the tropics, we suggest that in reality there is a considerable underestimate of the total biodiversity. We have concentrated on the tropical regions of Australia and the Coral Triangle. The best known groups are the corals, fish, and commercially important invertebrates. In considering whether this is true, we have concentrated on the diversity of benthic communities and water column communities which are poorly known. Yet at the bottom of the food chain these communities are highly dynamic and susceptible to the anthropogenic changes that are occurring with the rapid development in this highly populated region. Tropical biodiversity is under increasing stress from a synergistic combination of changes in climate, oceanographic regimes, increasing coastal development, overfishing, and poor water quality, resulting in bleaching of corals and loss of habitat and of associated fauna. These changes on reefs have received substantial research attention; in comparison, there is limited data on inter-reefal areas and water column communities and limited understanding of the ecological interconnectivity of all these habitats. While in this region there is growing marine protected area coverage, the major focus is on coral reefs with other habitats based on surrogacy with little if any ground-truthing. Within this region, there is limited capacity or inclination to rectify this lack of knowledge of the structure and ecology of the broader non-commercial benthic and pelagic communities. We suggest this lack of knowledge and limited expertise may be widespread throughout the tropics and compromises our ability to understand and predict the changes that are occurring with increasing anthropogenic impacts on these tropical ecosystems.