Deep microbial proliferation at the basalt interface in 33.5-104 million-year-old oceanic crust
Deep microbial proliferation at the basalt interface in 33.5-104 million-year-old oceanic crust
复制标题
在距今3350万年至1.04亿年的洋壳中，玄武岩界面处深部微生物的繁衍
DOI：
10.1038/s42003-020-0860-1
复制
发表时间：
2020-04-02
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Ito, Motoo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suzuki, Yohey;Yamashita, Seiya;Ito, Motoo
上洋壳主要由玄武岩组成，构成地球上最大的可居住区之一。然而，海洋地壳深层微生物生命的性质仍然知之甚少，特别是在古老的冷玄武岩与沉积物下的海水相互作用的地方。在这里，我们表明，微生物细胞密集地集中在富铁蒙脱石断裂面和静脉在33.5和1.04亿年（马）海底玄武岩。富铁蒙皂石局部富集有机碳。纳米级固体表征揭示了有机碳是富铁蒙脱石内的微生物细胞，细胞密度局部超过10（10）个细胞/cm（3）。DNA序列和脂质分析表明异养细菌的优势支持有机质作为碳源和能源在海底玄武岩的重要性。鉴于地球和火星上玄武岩熔岩的突出，微生物可能适合在地下玄武岩与液态水相互作用的地方居住。Yohey Suzuki、Seiya Yamashita等人使用纳米级固体表征发现了在古老海底玄武岩上的富铁蒙皂石中存在细菌细胞。脂质谱和DNA序列分析显示，异养细菌占主导地位，这表明海底玄武岩中存在有机质资源。
The upper oceanic crust is mainly composed of basaltic lava that constitutes one of the largest habitable zones on Earth. However, the nature of deep microbial life in oceanic crust remains poorly understood, especially where old cold basaltic rock interacts with seawater beneath sediment. Here we show that microbial cells are densely concentrated in Fe-rich smectite on fracture surfaces and veins in 33.5- and 104-million-year-old (Ma) subseafloor basaltic rock. The Fe-rich smectite is locally enriched in organic carbon. Nanoscale solid characterizations reveal the organic carbon to be microbial cells within the Fe-rich smectite, with cell densities locally exceeding 10(10) cells/cm(3). Dominance of heterotrophic bacteria indicated by analyses of DNA sequences and lipids supports the importance of organic matter as carbon and energy sources in subseafloor basalt. Given the prominence of basaltic lava on Earth and Mars, microbial life could be habitable where subsurface basaltic rocks interact with liquid water. Yohey Suzuki, Seiya Yamashita et al. discover the presence of bacterial cells in the iron-rich smectite on aged subseafloor basaltic rock using nanoscale solid characterizations. Analysis of their lipid profiles and DNA sequences reveals the dominance of heterotrophic bacteria, suggesting the presence of organic matter resources in the subsea basalt.