Treating two pandemics for the price of one: Chronic and infectious disease impacts of the built and natural environment.
Treating two pandemics for the price of one: Chronic and infectious disease impacts of the built and natural environment.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scs.2021.103089
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
Wali B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frank LD;Wali B
紧凑的适合步行的绿色空间环境支持身体活动，降低抑郁症和几种与肥胖有关的慢性疾病的风险，包括糖尿病和心脏病。最近的证据证实，这些慢性疾病增加了COVID-19感染的严重程度和死亡风险。相反，密集的交通支持环境可能会增加接触COVID-19的风险，这表明社区设计可能会对慢性病和传染病的影响产生对比。最近的一些研究考察了密度和COVID-19死亡率之间的联系，报告了相互矛盾的结果。人口密度已被用作城市形态的替代品，以获取步行和公共交通与私人车辆出行需求的程度。目前的研究采用了更广泛的建筑环境特征（密度、设计和目的地可达性），并评估了慢性病如何介导建筑和自然环境与COVID-19死亡率之间的关系。考虑到慢性病的介导作用，建筑和自然环境特征与COVID-19死亡率之间存在显著的负相关关系。研究结果强调了慢性病在评估COVID-19死亡率与社区设计之间关系时的重要性。基于严格的模拟辅助随机参数路径分析框架，我们进一步发现COVID-19死亡率、肥胖和关键相关因素之间的关系表现出显著的异质性。在高度聚合的空间数据中忽略这种异质性可能会导致关于建筑环境与COVID-19传播之间关系的错误结论。这里提出的结果表明，创造适合步行的绿色空间环境与降低慢性疾病和/或COVID-19感染和死亡的风险有关。
Compact walkable environments with greenspace support physical activity and reduce the risk for depression and several obesity-related chronic diseases, including diabetes and heart disease. Recent evidence confirms that these chronic diseases increase the severity of COVID-19 infection and mortality risk. Conversely, denser transit supportive environments may increase risk of exposure to COVID-19 suggesting the potential for contrasting chronic versus infectious disease impacts of community design. A handful of recent studies have examined links between density and COVID-19 mortality rates reporting conflicting results. Population density has been used as a surrogate of urban form to capture the degree of walkability and public transit versus private vehicle travel demand. The current study employs a broader range of built environment features (density, design, and destination accessibility) and assesses how chronic disease mediates the relationship between built and natural environment and COVID-19 mortality. Negative and significant relationships are observed between built and natural environment features and COVID-19 mortality when accounting for the mediating effect of chronic disease. Findings underscore the importance of chronic disease when assessing relationships between COVID-19 mortality and community design. Based on a rigorous simulation-assisted random parameter path analysis framework, we further find that the relationships between COVID-19 mortality, obesity, and key correlates exhibit significant heterogeneity. Ignoring this heterogeneity in highly aggregate spatial data can lead to incorrect conclusions with regards to the relationship between built environment and COVID-19 transmission. Results presented here suggest that creating walkable environments with greenspace is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease and/or COVID-19 infection and mortality.
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影响因子：
12.9
作者：
Fountas, Grigorios;Anastasopoulos, Panagiotis Ch.;Mannering, Fred
通讯作者：
Mannering, Fred
影响因子：
11.7
作者：
Bivina, G. R.;Gupta, Akshay;Parida, Manoranjan
通讯作者：
Parida, Manoranjan
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Carlson, Jordan A.;Saelens, Brian E.;Sallis, James F.
通讯作者：
Sallis, James F.
DOI：
10.1001/jama.2020.19759
发表时间：
2020-10-20
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cutler DM;Summers LH
通讯作者：
Summers LH
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Bray, I;Gibson, A.;White, J.
通讯作者：
White, J.