Evolutionary associations between host traits and parasite load: insights from Lake Tanganyika cichlids
Evolutionary associations between host traits and parasite load: insights from Lake Tanganyika cichlids
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DOI：
10.1111/jeb.13053
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Kolm, N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayward, A.;Tsuboi, M.;Kolm, N.
寄生虫多样性和丰度（寄生虫负载）在宿主物种之间差异很大。然而，宿主性状对寄生变异的影响仍然知之甚少。寄生虫负荷的比较研究主要是检查寄生虫物种丰富度的措施，主要是基于从公布的数据中获得的记录。因此，很少有人知道宿主性状和寄生虫负载的其他方面，如寄生虫丰度，流行和聚集之间的关系。与此同时，对寄生虫物种丰富度的理解可能会受到与多个独立来源的数据整理相关的限制的影响。我们进行了实地研究坦噶尼喀湖慈鲷鱼及其蠕虫寄生虫。使用贝叶斯系统发育比较框架，我们测试了五个关键的主机性状（身体大小，肠道长度，饮食宽度，栖息地复杂性和同域主机的数量）预测影响寄生虫之间的进化关联，以及多种措施的寄生虫负载。我们发现，一个特定的主机可能会遇到由于其栖息地的偏好出现的寄生虫的多样性，丰度和患病率，但不是寄生虫聚集作为一个因素的普遍重要性的宿主物种的数量。与此相反，身体大小和肠道大小呈正相关的寄生虫负载方面内，但不是物种之间。寄生虫负载的措施之间的宿主生殖的影响变化很大，与寄生虫多样性施加的影响最大。这些结果表明，宿主形态和生物相互作用是宿主-寄生虫协会的关键决定因素，需要考虑寄生虫负载的多个方面，以充分了解寄生模式。
Parasite diversity and abundance (parasite load) vary greatly among host species. However, the influence of host traits on variation in parasitism remains poorly understood. Comparative studies of parasite load have largely examined measures of parasite species richness and are predominantly based on records obtained from published data. Consequently, little is known about the relationships between host traits and other aspects of parasite load, such as parasite abundance, prevalence and aggregation. Meanwhile, understanding of parasite species richness may be clouded by limitations associated with data collation from multiple independent sources. We conducted a field study of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes and their helminth parasites. Using a Bayesian phylogenetic comparative framework, we tested evolutionary associations between five key host traits (body size, gut length, diet breadth, habitat complexity and number of sympatric hosts) predicted to influence parasitism, together with multiple measures of parasite load. We find that the number of host species that a particular host may encounter due to its habitat preferences emerges as a factor of general importance for parasite diversity, abundance and prevalence, but not parasite aggregation. In contrast, body size and gut size are positively related to aspects of parasite load within, but not between species. The influence of host phylogeny varies considerably among measures of parasite load, with the greatest influence exerted on parasite diversity. These results reveal that both host morphology and biotic interactions are key determinants of host-parasite associations and that consideration of multiple aspects of parasite load is required to fully understand patterns in parasitism.