"How do you know that I don't understand"? A look at the future of intelligent tutoring systems
"How do you know that I don't understand"? A look at the future of intelligent tutoring systems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.chb.2007.07.008
复制
发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
Bigdeli, Abbas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarrafzadeh, Abdolhossein;Alexander, Samuel;Bigdeli, Abbas
许多软件系统如果能够适应用户的情绪状态，将显著提高性能，例如，如果智能辅导系统（ITS）、ATM、售票机能够识别用户何时感到困惑、沮丧或愤怒，则它们可以将用户引导回补救帮助系统，从而改善服务。许多研究人员现在强烈地感觉到，如果计算机能够适应学生的情绪，ITSs将得到显着增强。这种思想催生了情感教学系统的发展领域：情感教学系统是能够适应学生情感状态的教学系统。“情感教学系统”一词最早可以追溯到Rosalind Picard于1997年出版的《情感计算》一书。该系统利用计算机系统网络，主要是嵌入式设备来检测学生的情绪和其他重要的生物信号。然后，它将适应学生，并通过一个名为Eve的栩栩如生的代理人来显示情感。Eve的辅导适应性由基于案例的方法指导，以适应学生的状态;这种方法使用的数据是由人类导师的所有观察性研究产生的。本文介绍了观察性研究，基于案例的方法，ATS本身及其在分布式计算机系统上的实时性能的实现，最后的影响，人机交互的研究结果，特别是电子学习。本研究中开发的技术基于Web的应用程序进行了讨论。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Many software systems would significantly improve performance if they could adapt to the emotional state of the user, for example if Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), ATM's, ticketing machines could recognise when users were confused, frustrated or angry they could guide the user back to remedial help systems so improving the service. Many researchers now feel strongly that ITSs would be significantly enhanced if computers could adapt to the emotions of students. This idea has spawned the developing field of affective tutoring systems (ATSs): ATSs are ITSs that are able to adapt to the affective state of students. The term "affective tutoring system" can be traced back as far as Rosalind Picard's book Affective Computing in 1997.This paper presents research leading to the development of Easy with Eve, all ATS for primary school mathematics. The system utilises a network of computer systems, mainly embedded devices to detect student emotion and other significant bio-signals. It will then adapt to students and displays emotion via a lifelike agent called Eve. Eve's tutoring adaptations are guided by a case-based method for adapting to student states; this method uses data that was generated by ail observational study of human tutors. This paper presents the observational study, the case-based method, the ATS itself and its implementation on a distributed computer systems for real-time performance, and finally the implications of the findings for Human Computer Interaction in general and e-learning in particular. Web-based applications of the technology developed in this research are discussed throughout the paper. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.