Toward a Harmonization for Using in situ Nutrient Sensors in the Marine Environment
Toward a Harmonization for Using in situ Nutrient Sensors in the Marine Environment
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00773
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发表时间：
2020-01-21
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Achterberg, Eric P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniel, Anne;Laes-Huon, Agathe;Achterberg, Eric P.
需要提高海水中营养物浓度的可比性，以提高向全球数据库报告的测量结果的质量和实用性。近几十年来，在提高传统实验室营养物质测量的分析和数据质量方面取得了重大进展。需要做出类似的努力来建立原位营养物传感器的高质量数据输出，这些传感器正迅速成为海洋观测系统的组成部分。本文建议使用为实验室参考方法建立的良好实践例程，提出一套统一的部署协议和从原位传感器获得的营养测量的质量控制程序。这些程序旨在建立一个框架，以标准化对目前可用的三种主要类型的原位营养物传感器（湿化学分析仪、紫外光学传感器、电化学传感器）进行的技术和分析控制，以使其部署在各种平台上。针对传感器使用的每个步骤列出了可应用于传感器的常规参考控制：实验室受控条件下的初始鉴定、部署前传感器的准备、现场部署以及最终的传感器恢复。然后从校准协议、仪器干扰、环境干扰、外部控制和方法性能评估方面审查适用于实验室参考方法的基本原理。最终确定数据校正（线性、灵敏度、漂移、干扰和异常值）以及实时和延时数据资格的概念和计算。本文强调了研究小组、参考认可实验室和技术开发商之间未来合作的必要性，以保持原位传感器测量的各种营养参数报告的浓度的可比性。
Improved comparability of nutrient concentrations in seawater is required to enhance the quality and utility of measurements reported to global databases. Significant progress has been made over recent decades in improving the analysis and data quality for traditional laboratory measurements of nutrients. Similar efforts are required to establish high-quality data outputs from in situ nutrient sensors, which are rapidly becoming integral components of ocean observing systems. This paper suggests using the good practices routine established for laboratory reference methods to propose a harmonized set of deployment protocols and of quality control procedures for nutrient measurements obtained from in situ sensors. These procedures are intended to establish a framework to standardize the technical and analytical controls carried out on the three main types of in situ nutrient sensors currently available (wet chemical analyzers, ultraviolet optical sensors, electrochemical sensors) for their deployments on all kinds of platform. The routine reference controls that can be applied to the sensors are listed for each step of sensor use: initial qualification under controlled conditions in the laboratory, preparation of the sensor before deployment, field deployment and finally the sensor recovery. The fundamental principles applied to the laboratory reference method are then reviewed in terms of the calibration protocol, instrumental interferences, environmental interferences, external controls, and method performance assessment. Data corrections (linearity, sensitivity, drifts, interferences and outliers) are finally identified along with the concepts and calculations for qualification for both real time and time delayed data. This paper emphasizes the necessity of future collaborations between research groups, reference-accredited laboratories, and technology developers, to maintain comparability of the concentrations reported for the various nutrient parameters measured by in situ sensors.