Premonitory sensory phenomena and suppressibility of tics in Tourette syndrome: developmental aspects in children and adolescents
Premonitory sensory phenomena and suppressibility of tics in Tourette syndrome: developmental aspects in children and adolescents
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DOI：
10.1017/s0012162203001294
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rothenberger, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banaschewski, T;Woerner, W;Rothenberger, A
虽然前驱感觉现象（PSP）和联系抑制（SPT）在抽动秽语综合征中很重要，但在儿童行为治疗方法中，缺乏关于这些现象的发育信息。因此，对儿童和青少年的这些因素进行了横断面调查。使用评估抽动秽语综合征的问卷收集PSP和SPT的比率。254例图雷特综合征门诊患者（男212例，女42例）年龄8 ~ 19岁，智力正常，诊断符合DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10。为了测试对发育的影响，将整个组分为三个年龄组（8至10岁，11至14岁和15至19岁）。采用chi(2)检验对数据进行统计学评价。在254名参与者中，37%的人报告了PSP，而64%的人能够抑制他们的关系。只有119名患者对这两个问题给出了明确的答案，其中只有60%的患者同时经历了PSP和SPT。在两个不同的年龄水平上发现了统计学上显著的逐步增加。一个是10岁左右（PSP“是”或“否”和SPT），另一个是14岁左右（PSP“是”）。抽搐持续时间和发作年龄对PSP/SPT无影响。报道的数据表明，年幼的图雷特综合征患儿很少经历PSP，并且不是SPT的必要先决条件。随着年龄的增长，PSP的增加似乎仅仅反映了认知发展，而不是图雷特综合症的内在方面。在10岁以下的儿童中，SPT可能比在更大的年龄组中需要更多的关系意识。在计划对患有图雷特综合症的儿童和青少年进行认知行为治疗的研究时，应考虑到PSP和SPT的发育方面。
Although premonitory sensory phenomena (PSP) and suppressibility of ties (SPT) are important in Tourette syndrome not only when behavioural therapeutic approaches in children are considered, there is a lack of developmental information on these phenomena. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey of these factors in children and adolescents was carried out. Rates of PSP and SPT were gathered using a questionnaire for the assessment of Tourette syndrome. The 254 outpatients (212 males, 42 females) with Tourette syndrome investigated had an age range of 8 to 19 years, normal intelligence, and diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10. To test for developmental effects, the total group was stratified into three age groups (8 to 10, 11 to 14, and 15 to 19 years). Data were statistically evaluated using chi(2) tests. Of the 254 participants, 37% reported PSP, while 64% were able to suppress their ties. Only a subgroup of 119 patients gave unequivocal answers to both questions and only 60% of these experienced both PSP and SPT. Statistically significant stepwise increases were found at two different age levels. One was around 10 years (PSP 'Yes' or 'No' and SPT), the other around age 14 (PSP 'Yes'). There was no influence of tic duration and age at tic onset on PSP/SPT. The reported data suggest that PSP is experienced rarely in younger children with Tourette syndrome and is not a necessary prerequisite for SPT. Increasing PSP with age merely seems to reflect cognitive development rather than intrinsic aspects of Tourette syndrome. In children under 10 years of age, SPT might require more awareness of ties than in older age groups. Developmental aspects of PSP and SPT should be taken into consideration when studies of cognitive behavioural treatment for children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome are planned.