Dietary factors and the risk of thyroid cancer: a review.
Dietary factors and the risk of thyroid cancer: a review.
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DOI：
10.7762/cnr.2014.3.2.75
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kim J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Choi WJ;Kim J
在过去的几十年里，甲状腺癌的发病率在全球范围内迅速上升。在人群每日碘摄入量不足的地区，甲状腺癌的发病率相对较高。虽然低碘饮食一直被认为是甲状腺癌发病的风险因素，但之前的研究发现，不同食物类型的结果存在争议。在不同的民族中，饮食因素受到不同的饮食模式、饮食习惯、生活方式、营养等环境因素的影响。本综述报告了不同地理区域的少数民族中饮食因素与甲状腺癌风险之间的关系。富含碘的食物，如鱼和贝类，可为每日碘摄入量不足的人群提供保护作用。食用致甲状腺食物，如十字花科蔬菜，与风险呈正相关。虽然饮酒被认为是其他癌症的风险因素，但饮酒对甲状腺癌具有保护作用。大量食用鸡肉、猪肉和家禽等肉类与风险呈正相关，但乳制品没有显示出显著的相关性。经常服用多种维生素和饮食中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐也显示出与甲状腺癌风险呈正相关。然而，研究结果并不一致，还需要研究饮食因素如何改变甲状腺激素水平和影响甲状腺功能的机制。
In the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has rapidly increased worldwide. Thyroid cancer incidence is relatively high in regions where the population's daily iodine intake is insufficient. While low dietary iodine has been considered as a risk factor for thyroid cancer development, previous studies found controversial results across different food types. Among different ethnic groups, dietary factors are influenced by various dietary patterns, eating habits, life-styles, nutrition, and other environmental factors. This review reports the association between dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk among ethnic groups living in different geologic regions. Iodine-rich food such as fish and shellfish may provide a protective role in populations with insufficient daily iodine intake. The consumption of goitrogenic food, such as cruciferous vegetables, showed a positive association with risk. While considered to be a risk factor for other cancers, alcohol intake showed a protective role against thyroid cancer. High consumption of meat such as chicken, pork, and poultry showed a positive association with the risk, but dairy products showed no significant association. Regular use of multivitamins and dietary nitrate and nitrite also showed a positive association with thyroid cancer risk. However, the study results are inconsistent and investigations into the mechanism for how dietary factors change thyroid hormone levels and influence thyroid function are required.