Simultaneous multicopter-based air sampling and sensing of meteorological variables
Simultaneous multicopter-based air sampling and sensing of meteorological variables
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DOI：
10.5194/amt-10-2773-2017
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kunstmann, Harald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brosy, Caroline;Krampf, Karina;Kunstmann, Harald
行星边界层（PBL）最低部分的状态和组成，即，大气表层（SL）反映了外部强迫、地表、植被、人类影响和大气的相互作用。在SL的大气变量的垂直配置文件在高空间（米）和时间（1赫兹和更好）的分辨率增加了我们对这些相互作用的理解，但仍然具有挑战性的适当测量。传统的地面观测包括在固定位置通常仅覆盖几个测量高度的塔。与此同时，大多数遥感技术和航空器测量在接近地面（最高50米）获得足够的细节方面都有局限性。边界层的垂直和水平断面可由无人驾驶飞行器加以补充。我们在这种情况下，研究的目的是评估使用的多翼型无人机的空间采样的空气，同时感测气象变量的研究的表面交换过程。为此，无人机配备了机载空气温度和湿度传感器，而风况则由无人机的飞行控制传感器确定。此外，无人机被用来系统地改变连接到样品管的样品入口的位置，从而允许使用地面分析仪观察甲烷丰度。在稳定的大气条件下，垂直甲烷梯度约为0.3 ppm。我们的结果表明，甲烷和气象条件与ScaleX-2015活动期间现场的其他观测结果一致。多翼式无人机能够同时原位感测气象状态变量并对地面以上50米的空气进行采样，这将现有塔式基础设施的垂直剖面高度扩展了5倍。
The state and composition of the lowest part of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), i.e., the atmospheric surface layer (SL), reflects the interactions of external forcing, land surface, vegetation, human influence and the atmosphere. Vertical profiles of atmospheric variables in the SL at high spatial (meters) and temporal (1 Hz and better) resolution increase our understanding of these interactions but are still challenging to measure appropriately. Traditional ground-based observations include towers that often cover only a few measurement heights at a fixed location. At the same time, most remote sensing techniques and aircraft measurements have limitations to achieve sufficient detail close to the ground (up to 50 m). Vertical and horizontal transects of the PBL can be complemented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Our aim in this case study is to assess the use of a multicopter-type UAV for the spatial sampling of air and simultaneously the sensing of meteorological variables for the study of the surface exchange processes. To this end, a UAV was equipped with onboard air temperature and humidity sensors, while wind conditions were determined from the UAV's flight control sensors. Further, the UAV was used to systematically change the location of a sample inlet connected to a sample tube, allowing the observation of methane abundance using a ground-based analyzer. Vertical methane gradients of about 0.3 ppm were found during stable atmospheric conditions. Our results showed that both methane and meteorological conditions were in agreement with other observations at the site during the ScaleX-2015 campaign. The multicopter-type UAV was capable of simultaneous in situ sensing of meteorological state variables and sampling of air up to 50 m above the surface, which extended the vertical profile height of existing tower-based infrastructure by a factor of 5.