Widespread origin of the primate mesofrontal dopamine system
Widespread origin of the primate mesofrontal dopamine system
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/8.4.321
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发表时间：
1998-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Goldman-Rakic, PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, SM;Goldman-Rakic, PS
额叶皮质的多巴胺能神经支配通常与精神和神经疾病有关，传统上与腹侧被盖区（VTA）神经元的限定中线组相关。我们采用逆行追踪，荧光染料，酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）免疫组织化学的组合，以扩大知识的额叶皮质投射多巴胺（DA）神经元在非人灵长类动物，逆行荧光染料注射在区域46，8B/6 M，12，4，24，和边缘前（PL）和边缘下区（IL）的恒河猴。中脑分布的神经元表现出逆行标记和TH免疫反应性或逆行标记单独检查从乳头体的水平蓝斑。支配猕猴额叶皮质的DA传入神经作为一个整体起源于分布在所有三个中脑DA细胞群[A9、A10和A8;通常分别对应于黑质（SN）、腹侧被盖区（VTA）和红核后区（RRA）的DA细胞]的背侧的出乎意料的广泛连续的神经元。大量的这些逆行标记的神经元是非多巴胺能的。背侧额叶皮质（区域46、8B/6 M和4）主要从SN背侧的A9细胞（即A9背侧）、RRA的完全内侧-外侧范围接收DA投射，并在较小程度上从A10臂旁色素核（PBPG）和线性核接收DA投射，后者与皮层中DA系统相关。与此相反，腹内侧PL和IL表现出更强大的输入从PBPG和中线线性VTA核比从外侧组。前扣带皮层（24区）由一组DA神经元支配，主要位于这些横向和中间集中的人群之间。这些研究结果表明，在灵长类动物中的中额叶DA系统的区室化程度，并建议，这种投影不应再被视为一个单一的中线系统。
The dopaminergic innervation of the frontal cortex, commonly implicated in psychiatric and neurological disorders, has traditionally been associated with a circumscribed midline group of ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons. We have employed a combination of retrograde tracing, using fluorescent dyes, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry to amplify knowledge of frontal cortex projecting dopamine (DA) neurons in non-human primates, Injections of retrograde fluorochromes were made in areas 46, 8B/6M, 12, 4, 24, and the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic areas (IL) of the rhesus monkey. The mesencephalic distribution of neurons exhibiting both retrograde labeling and TH immunoreactivity or retrograde labeling alone was examined from the level of the mammillary bodies to the locus coeruleus. DA afferents innervating the macaque frontal cortex as a whole originate from an unexpectedly widespread continuum of neurons distributed in the dorsal aspects of all three of the mesencephalic DA cell groups [A9, A10 and A8; generally corresponding to the DA cells of the substantia nigra (SN), VTA, and the retrorubral area (RRA) respectively]. A large number of these retrogradely labeled neurons are non-dopaminergic. The dorsal frontal cortex (areas 46, 8B/6M and 4) receive DA projections primarily from the full medial-lateral extent of A9 cells dorsal to the SN pars compacta (i.e. A9 dorsalis), the RRA and to a lesser extent from the A10 parabrachial pigmented nucleus (PBPG) and linear nuclei, the latter of which have been associated with the mesocortical DA system. In contrast, the ventromedial PL and IL exhibit a significantly more robust input from the PBPG and midline linear VTA nuclei than from the lateral groups. The anterior cingulate cortex (area 24) is innervated by a group of DA neurons primarily located between these laterally and medially concentrated populations. These findings demonstrate a degree of compartmentalization of the mesofrontal DA system in primates, and suggest that this projection should no longer be viewed as a unitary midline system.