Perceptions of Barriers to Career Progression for Academic Women in STEM
Perceptions of Barriers to Career Progression for Academic Women in STEM
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DOI：
10.3390/soc11020027
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
McKinnon, Merryn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Connell, Christine;McKinnon, Merryn
学术界的性别平等是一个长期的斗争。尽管偏见和陈规定型观念在所有学科都很常见，但其影响在科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）学科中尤为明显。本文探讨了STEM学科学术界女性职业发展存在的障碍，以确定关键问题和潜在的解决方案。特别是，我们感兴趣的是，与男性同事相比，女性如何看待影响其职业生涯的障碍。14个重点小组与女性确定学者表明，有核心障碍的职业发展，其中跨越国家，学科和职业阶段。根深蒂固的偏见、陈规定型观念、双重标准、欺凌和骚扰都对妇女的信心和归属感产生负面影响。妇女还面临着额外的生物负担，往往被迫在生孩子和事业之间做出选择。参与者认为，他们作为STEM学者的经历与他们的男同事明显不同，其中许多常见的女性障碍对男性来说根本不是问题。这项研究的结果表明，其中一些障碍可以通过网络、指导和联盟来克服。要消除这些障碍，就必须改变目前限制在公平和包容方面取得进展的性别规范。
Gender equity in academia is a long-standing struggle. Although common to all disciplines, the impacts of bias and stereotypes are particularly pronounced in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. This paper explores what barriers exist for the career progression of women in academia in STEM disciplines in order to identify key issues and potential solutions. In particular, we were interested in how women perceive the barriers affecting their careers in comparison to their male colleagues. Fourteen focus groups with female-identifying academics showed that there were core barriers to career progression, which spanned countries, disciplines and career stages. Entrenched biases, stereotypes, double standards, bullying and harassment all negatively impact women's confidence and sense of belonging. Women also face an additional biological burden, often being pushed to choose between having children or a career. Participants felt that their experiences as STEM academics were noticeably different to those of their male colleagues, where many of the commonly occurring barriers for women were simply non-issues for men. The results of this study indicate that some of these barriers can be overcome through networks, mentoring and allies. Addressing these barriers requires a reshaping of the gendered norms that currently limit progress to equity and inclusion.