The Minimum Area Per Capita of Cultivated Land and Its Implication for the Optimization of Land Resource Allocation
The Minimum Area Per Capita of Cultivated Land and Its Implication for the Optimization of Land Resource Allocation
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
Cai Yun-long
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作者：
Cai Yun-long
耕地资源是我国农业和社会经济可持续发展的基础资源，具有不同于其他资源的特点。市场机制不可避免地推动耕地转为工业和城市用途。快速的工业化和城市化进程使本已稀缺的耕地资源面临更多的危机。因此，市场对这种资源的配置是失败的，这种资源在某种意义上可以被视为公共财产。耕地资源优化配置需要政府干预。现行的耕地保护宏观管理政策是以总量控制为导向的。要求各省耕地总量不减少。这一政策没有考虑到不同地区的不同情况，很难实施。例如，在工业化、城市化快速发展的东部省份，如果不以降低经济增长速度为代价，耕地总量将不可避免地减少。因此，有必要创新耕地资源保护利用政策。提出了人均最小耕地面积的概念，为土地资源优化配置提供了新的思路。MAPCCL可以定义为在一定的粮食自给率和土地生产力下，能够满足粮食消费需求的最小耕地数量。PICL提供了耕地保护的阈值。K1时，可将部分耕地转为城镇和工业用地，调整种植结构，增加经济作物。如果K1，耕地不应转为其他用途或通过增加投入和技术创新来提高土地质量和生产力。
Cultivated land, different from other resources, is fundamental to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, society and economy. Market mechanism inevitably drives cultivated land into industrial and urban uses. Rapid industrialization and urbanization lead the scarce cultivated land resources to more crises. So market is a failure to allocate this kind of resource which can be regarded as common property in a certain sense. Government intervention is necessary for optimization allocation of cultivated land. Current policy of macro-administration for cultivated land conservation is oriented to total quantitative control. Every province is demanded that the total number of cultivated land remains not decreased. This policy is difficult for practicing because it does not consider various situations in different regions. For example, in eastern provinces where rapid industrialization and urbanization is proceeding and reserved arable land is scarce, the total number of cultivated land will inevitably decrease unless at the cost of lowering the economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the policy of cultivated land resources conservation and utilization. The authors put forward the concept of minimum area per capita of cultivated land (MAPCCL) as a new insight into the optimization of land resource allocation for policy making. MAPCCL can be defined as the minimum number of cultivated land that can meet the needs of food consumption under certain food self-sufficient rate and land productivity. PICL provides a threshold of cultivated land conservation. If K1, some cultivated land may be conversed into urban and industrial uses and planting structure may be adjusted for more cash crops. If K1, cultivated land should not be conversed into other uses or land quality and productivity should be enhanced by means of increasing input and technological innovation.